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Reunification of Japan

Reunification of Japan. Pyle Chapter 1. Tokugawa Era. Many terms for period and political system before Meiji Tokugawa Era 徳川時代　 1603-1867 Edo Period 江戸時代 Tokugawa Bakufu 徳川幕府 Bakuhan seido 幕藩制度 Feudal era 封建時代 Tyranny of terminology

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Reunification of Japan

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  1. Reunification of Japan Pyle Chapter 1

  2. Tokugawa Era • Many terms for period and political system before Meiji • Tokugawa Era 徳川時代　1603-1867 • Edo Period 江戸時代 • Tokugawa Bakufu 徳川幕府 • Bakuhan seido 幕藩制度 • Feudal era 封建時代 • Tyranny of terminology • Name implies more coherence, stasis than was the case • Early Tokugawa very different from late Tokugawa

  3. Warring States 1467-1568 • Term from Chinese history 戦国時代 • Also known as 下克上 • Those below overthrow those above them • Feudal lords overthrown by retainers and vassals • Reason for emphasis on loyalty in later Japanese writing • Disloyalty was the norm • Writers (often paid by lords) were trying to create an ethic of loyalty where non-existed • Battle field shifts very common well into 17th century • General pattern • Emphasis on 和 because it is uncommon • Factions and cliques 派閥 endemic in Japanese organizations

  4. Foreign Observers in Japan • Mid 16th to early 17th century • Primarily Portugese, Spainards, Dutch • Will Adams of Shogun fame unusual • Merchants, traders • Initial belwiderment changes to recognition of similarities to European feudalism • Agricultural, religion, position of women different • Political and economic structure similar to European feudalism • Michael Cooper, They Came to Japan (1965). Many translations from European letters.

  5. Castle Towns 城下町 • Symbol of feudal power in Europe and in Japan • Pre-Tokugawa castles small, strategic locations • Primarily military function • Tokugawa era castles large, middle of plains • More symbolic than military

  6. 犬山城　1469

  7. 姫路城 1346-1608

  8. 城下町 • “Zoned” in concentric circles • Castle -> high ranking vassals -> low ranking • Distrust more than ease of access • Non-samurai areas by occupation • Sometimes reflected in place names • 寺町 temple place • 鍛冶屋町　blacksmith place • Consumption centers especially after policy of moving samurai out of countryside

  9. Other Cities • Osaka 大阪 • Brokerage and supply function for Tokugawa • Banking • Textiles • Kansai 関西 more cotton than rice in premodern period • Economic and publishing center of Japan until mid 1930s • Militarism -> economic controls -> shift to Tokyo • Similar in Britain • Manchester-Liverpool (Osaka) -> London (Tokyo)

  10. Other Cities • Kyoto　京都 • Residence of Emperor until Meiji Restoration • Religious center • Aristocratic center • Luxury goods production • Fukuoka 福岡　（博多） • Castle town but strong merchant coloring • “Japan’s oldest city” • Proximity to continent • Source of right-wing continental adventurers

  11. スライド終了 Questions? 質問？

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