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World War I

World War I. The Global War. Journal #1. Take a few minutes: How do you believe imperialism would come to shape World War I? Here are some things to keep in mind: Note the location of different colonies (Think about the chart) Note those who were involved in imperialism

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World War I

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  1. World War I The Global War

  2. Journal #1 • Take a few minutes: • How do you believe imperialism would come to shape World War I? • Here are some things to keep in mind: • Note the location of different colonies (Think about the chart) • Note those who were involved in imperialism • Note why there was often conflict

  3. Connecting Past to PresentThe MAIN Reasons for the WWI Starting Define… • M • Militarism • A • Alliance System • I • Industrialization/Imperialism • N • Nationalism

  4. Militarism • Increase in: • Glorification of the military • All things militaristic • Ongoing arms race • All nations prepared for war by 1914

  5. Alliance SystemMajor Nations Allied Powers Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire • Great Britain • Russia • France • Italy (1915) • USA (1917)

  6. Alliance System

  7. Terms of an Alliance • “If Italy or Germany was attacked by France, each would aid the other. If Austria was attacked by Russia, Italy would remain neutral, although Austria would aid Italy if she was attacked by France. If one of the parties was attacked by two or more powers, the other signatories were to come to her aid. And, at Italy’s request, both Austria and Germany agreed that in no case would the Treaty operate against Britain, but as the war loomed closer these disputes became less important as attention focused back to Europe.”

  8. Industrialization • Machine Guns • Gas Attacks • Tanks • Artillery • U-Boats • Airplanes & Zeppelins

  9. Machine Guns Hiram Maxim created the first portable machine gun. Fifty Rhodesian police officers fought off 5,000 tribesmen with only four machine guns MGs devastates the battlefield in many way - Rapid fire over no man’s land - Enfilading fire across trenches

  10. Gas Attacks Mustard Gas – Yellowish Brown, smells like Mustard plant. Formed blisters on skin, throat, lungs, & closed airways, blindness. Chlorine Gas – Yellowish Green, smells like Pineapple & pepper. Pain in eyes, lungs, suffocation ensues.

  11. Tanks, Artillery, Airplanes, Zepplins • World War I Firsts

  12. U-Boats • “Unterseebooten” • Germany 1st to use submarine warfare • dsd

  13. Imperialism • Conflict due to colonialism • In Africa, every European nation, but Russia & Austria held colonies there. Conflicts over regions between France and Italy or France and Germany.

  14. Imperialism & Industrialization Imperialism Industrialization Allows a nation to build upon what they have & become more powerful • Land expansion & desire for more land, power

  15. Nationalism • Belief that aligns one with a strong identification of a group or nation. • Germans were proud of their military; France upset at the loss of the Alsace & Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War

  16. Domestic Problems • Nations involved were experiencing problems: • England v. Ireland • Russian Uprisings

  17. Question!

  18. With Europe being set up in a competition like scene as nations strived for both new lands & already disputed lands, how do these terms essentially set up the continent, and world, for the destruction that would be World War I? Thinking ahead, what impact do you think World War I will have on the 20th century and beyond?

  19. Take this time to fill out the map (Europe in 1914 side) to the best of your ability. Blank Map!

  20. Questions! What was the main spark that led to the outbreak of World War I?

  21. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  22. Gavrilo Princip & The Black Hand

  23. Find Serbia & Austria-Hungary

  24. Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia • Serbia was to investigate the murder • Austria-Hungary was also to investigate • Serbia was to suppress any & all anti-Austrian propaganda • Take steps to rout any domestic terrorist groups within Serbia Austria-Hungary demanded an answer within 48 hours

  25. CRASH COURSE WWI Crash Course

  26. Questions Name two areas where Great Britain had imperial power which supplied troops for the British war effort. What is the problem with trench warfare and why do you believe that it was so deadly and counterproductive?

  27. Time to Enlist. The Trenches Await! http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/games/overtop/index_e.shtml

  28. Who is this man?

  29. He Is WWI Iron-Cross Winning War Hero…

  30. Adolf Hitler

  31. Key Terms to Understand • War of Attrition? • Causalities? • Selective Service/Conscription/Draft?

  32. The Schlieffen Plan

  33. Trench Warfare Trench Warfare - History Channel

  34. No Mans Land What is no mans land?

  35. Questions! • Why was no mans land so dangerous? Why was it so hard to traverse despite possibly length and machine-gun fire?

  36. Dangers of Trench Warfare • Trench foot • Trench Rats • Lice • Enfilading Fire • Rebuilding Trenches • “Over the top”

  37. Over the Top • An offensive consisted of days of shelling the enemy’s defenses followed by an order to go “Over the Top” and into No Man’s Land • Offensives were very ineffective and resulted in huge losses of life • Battles at Verdun and Somme resulted in massive loss of life

  38. Questions! What were the causes of so much death in the trench warfare environment? Do you believe that trench warfare was effective? And if not, what are some of the different strategies militaries used to overcome trench warfare?

  39. Somme & Verdun Somme Verdun

  40. Somme & Verdun Battle of Somme July 1, 1916 – November 18, 1916 (4 months, 2 weeks, 3 days) Battle of Verdun February 21, 1916 – December 18, 1916 (9 months, 3 weeks, 6 days)

  41. Battles • Battle of Somme • Allies: 623,907 casualties | 782 aircraft lost • Germany: 465,000 (400,000 to 500,000) • Indecisive Result • 2.5 million troops in 150 divisions • Battle of Verdun • Allies: 542,000 casualties (362,000 dead) • Germany: 434,000 casualties (336,000 dead) • French Victory • 2.5 million troops in 125 divisions

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