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Principles of Voice & Data

Principles of Voice & Data. Lesson 1: Telephony Essentials Bellevue Community College Bob Young, Instructor. Terms & Explanations. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Terms & Explanations. POTS "Plain Old Telephone Service" as in, "POTS line.". Terms & Explanations. Phone Parts

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Principles of Voice & Data

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  1. Principles of Voice & Data Lesson 1: Telephony Essentials Bellevue Community College Bob Young, Instructor

  2. Terms & Explanations PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

  3. Terms & Explanations POTS "Plain Old Telephone Service" as in, "POTS line."

  4. Terms & Explanations Phone Parts Transmitter - Mouthpiece Receiver - Earpiece

  5. Terms & Explanations Full Duplex - voice can be sent in both directions at the same time. Half Duplex - voice can be sent in one direction at a time.

  6. Terms & Explanations C.O. or CO Central Office

  7. Terms & Explanations CPE • Customer Premise Equipment • CPE may be owned by the telco or by the customer

  8. Terms & Explanations The "Last Mile" From the CO to the CPE

  9. Terms & Explanations Outside Plant • Telco equipment between the CO and the customer • Poles, lines, vaults, etc.

  10. Terms & Explanations On Hook The phone's handset is in the cradle. Open loop condition - no loop current.

  11. Terms & Explanations Off Hook The phone's handset is out of the cradle. Closed loop condition - loop current is present.

  12. Terms & Explanations RBOC • Regional Bell Operating Company • 1984 - Divestiture of AT&T • Formation of 7 RBOC's

  13. The Seven RBOCS: • Ameritech • Bell Atlantic • BellSouth • NYNEX • Pacific Bell • Southwestern Bell • US WEST

  14. RBOC Map, 1984

  15. Terms & Explanations BOC • Bell Operating Company • Smaller, regional companies within the RBOC's • (22 BOC's)

  16. Terms & Explanations IXC Interexchange Carrier After divestiture, IXC's handled long distance calls

  17. Terms & Explanations LEC Local Exchange Carrier

  18. Terms & Explanations LATA Local Access and Transport Area

  19. Terms & Explanations ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier

  20. Terms & Explanations CLEC Competing (or Competitive) Local Exchange Carrier

  21. Terms & Explanations British Terms • GPO - General Post Office • BPO - British Post Office • BT - British Telecom

  22. Terms & Explanations ITU International Telecommunications Union

  23. Terms & Explanations ITU-T International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Standardization Sector

  24. Terms & Explanations Tandem Office A central office unit used primarily as an intermediate switching point for traffic between local central offices within the tandem area

  25. Terms & Explanations Toll Tandem A central office unit used as the switching point between local CO traffic and toll (long distance) traffic

  26. Terms & Explanations EO End Office A Central Office that connects directly to subscribers

  27. Terms & Explanations Switches - Class 5 • An End Office switch • Provides local loop connections • Call signaling and control - setup and knockdown

  28. Terms & Explanations Switches - Class 4 • A tandem switch • Capable of connecting Class 5 switches

  29. Terms & Explanations Switches - Class 3 • A toll traffic switch • Connects LEC's • Capable of connecting Class 4 & 5 switches

  30. Terms & Explanations PCM Pulse Code Modulation • m-law (North America & Japan) • A-law (all other countries) • 8 KHz sampling rate

  31. Terms & Explanations PCM Issues • Unrepresentative Sample • Lack of Information • Too Much Information

  32. Terms & Explanations POP, PoP Point of Presence POI Point of Interconnection

  33. Terms & Explanations FX Foreign Exchange FXO - Foreign Exchange Office FXS - Foreign Exchange Station

  34. Terms & Explanations PBX Private Branch Exchange

  35. Terms & Explanations KSU Key Service Unit or Key Switching Unit

  36. Terms & Explanations DID Direct Inward Dialing as in, "DID Trunk"

  37. Terms & Explanations DOD Direct Outward Dialing as in, "DOD Trunk"

  38. Terms & Explanations Centrex Service A telco service in which the PBX hardware and functionality is provided and maintained by the telco

  39. Terms & Explanations Analog Loop Start The call is originated by going off hook. Loop current initiates the call sequence.

  40. Terms & Explanations E & M Trunks • Voice and signaling are carried on separate wires • E = "Ear" • M = "Mouth"

  41. Terms & Explanations Ground-Start Trunks The call sequence is initiated by grounding either the tip (from CO) or the ring wire (from PBX)

  42. Terms & Explanations DSH Digital Signal Hierarchy • DS0, DS1, DS3 • T1, T3 • T1 = 1.544 Mbps

  43. Terms & Explanations SF & ESF Super Frame (D4) Extended Super Frame

  44. Terms & Explanations E-Carrier • Europe uses E1's instead of T1's • E1 = 2.048 Mbps

  45. Terms & Explanations SONET Synchronous Optical Network • North American Standard • Compare with SDH • STS-1 = 51.84 Mbps

  46. Terms & Explanations STS & OC Synchronous Transport Signal Optical Carrier Exact same data rates Know both terms

  47. Terms & Explanations STS-1 = OC-1 = 51.84 Mbps STS-2 = OC-2 = 103.68 Mbps STS-3 = OC-3 = 155.52 Mbps etc.

  48. SONET Physical Hierarchy

  49. SONET Architecture

  50. SONET Ring

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