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The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era. 1890 – 1920. Progressivism. What is it? Time of reforms. PROGRESSIVISM. Civi l Rights. Suffragettes. Muckrackers. Temperance. Labor Unions. M i d c l a s s W o m e n. Popul ists. Civi l S e r v i c e. Origins of Progressivism. Who?

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The Progressive Era

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  1. The Progressive Era 1890 – 1920

  2. Progressivism • What is it? • Time of reforms

  3. PROGRESSIVISM CivilRights Suffragettes Muckrackers Temperance Labor Unions MidclassWomen Popul ists Civi l S e r v i c e

  4. Origins of Progressivism

  5. Who? • Middle class, various political parties, ethnic & religious groups • How? • Use logic and reason to make society better • Force fed. & state govs. to enact laws to address issues

  6. The Muckrakers

  7. Who are they? • Writers • Why? • Dramatized their writings in the need for reform • Fascinated with the ugly side of things?

  8. Examples ofMuckrakers

  9. Lincoln Steffens • Writer • McClure’s magazine • Editor • Focus • Political corruption • The Shame of the Cities

  10. Jacob Riis • Photographer • NY Evening Sun • Focus • Tenement housing • How the Other Half Lives

  11. Ida Tarbell • Journalist • Focus • Break monopolies • John D. Rockefeller • The History of Standard Oil

  12. John Spargo • Writer • Union Organizer • Socialist • Focus • Child Workers • The Bitter Cry of the Children

  13. David G Phillips • Writer • Cosmopolitan • “Treason of the Senate” • Focus: Political Corruption • Charged that 75 of the 90 Senators did not represent the people, but the railroads and trusts

  14. Ray Stannard Baker • Writer • “Following the Line” • Focus • Minorities Treatment • Subjugation of 9 mil. African Amer. • 90% still lived in South • 1/3 were still illiterate

  15. Upton Sinclair • Writer • Focus • Meatpacking industry • The Jungle

  16. Society:Reforming Cities

  17. Concerns with Cities & Society • Poverty • Tenement housing • Overcrowded • Sanitation • Education • Poor health

  18. 1. Poverty • Caused by the decrease in wages • 1900 – 10 mil. men & 7.4 mil. women who worked – still lived in poverty Settlement Houses • Hull House – Jane Addams • Improve education, sanitation, and housing for poor communities

  19. 2. Housing New York Tenement House Law • 1901 • Outlawed construction of dark & airless tenements • Must have better ventilation, toilets, & running water

  20. 3. Overcrowding National Conference of City Planning and Congestion • Get rid of unsafe housing • Develop more parks • Improve public education • Enforce building codes, zoning laws, & sanitation standards

  21. 4. Sanitation Civil & Sanitation Engineers • Pave the streets • Improve water supply, waste disposal & air pollution

  22. 5. Education Concerns • Most immigrants are uneducated • Can only get unskilled jobs • Lower pay • Criticized by John Dewey • Memorization vs. Creativity

  23. Solutions for Education • Broaden High School Courses • Health, citizenship, & job training • Kindergarten Programs • Taught basis skills • New Teaching Philosophies • Critical thinking • Problem-solving skills

  24. 6. Concerns with Medicine • Lack well-trained & professionally organized doctors • Decrease in health • Malaria, tuberculosis, pneumonia, & yellow fever

  25. Solutions for Medicine • American Medical Association – AMA • Local medical organizations • Support laws protecting public health

  26. Civil ServiceReform

  27. Pendleton Civil Service Act • 1883 • Civil service • Federal jobs in the executive branch • Jobs were handed out in spoils system • Jobs now based on merit & qualifications • Reduced the power of the spoils system

  28. Labor

  29. Goals Concerning Labor Unions • Fought for collective rights of workers • Increase Wages • Safer Working Conditions • Shorter Work Day • Benefits • Membership soared • 1899: 600,000 / 1900: 5 million

  30. Wages • Main cause – poverty • 1900: 1/3 of 30 mil. men & 7.4 mil. women who worked – lived in poverty • Minimum wage?

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