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Class III: Nucleic Acids

Class III: Nucleic Acids. Learning Objectives. I can describe the roles of DNA and RNA in living things I can differentiate between purines and pyrimidines I can explain base pairing I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Clas s I II:.

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Class III: Nucleic Acids

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  1. Class III: Nucleic Acids

  2. Learning Objectives • I can describe the roles of DNA and RNA in living things • I can differentiate between purines and pyrimidines • I can explain base pairing • I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA

  3. ClassIII: • Nucleic acids store,transmit,andexpresshereditaryinformation • Composedof DNAandRNA

  4. ClassIII: • DNA • Containsa (deoxyribose)sugar-phosphatebackboneandnitrogenous bases • Stores genetic information • RNA • Containsa(ribose)sugar-phosphatebackbone andnitrogenous bases • Transmits genetic information

  5. Structureof DNA DNA moleculeshavetwopolynucleotidesspiraling aroundanimaginaryaxis, forming adoublehelix OneDNAmoleculecanbemillions of nucleotideslong andcontain manygenes

  6. Structureof DNA Polymer Polynucleotide Nucleotide=nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphategroup Monomer Nucleotides

  7. Nitrogenous Bases • Twotypesof bases • Pyrimidines • Cytosine, Thymine,(and Uracil) • Have a singlesix-memberedring • Purines • Adenineand guanine • Have a six- memberedring fused toa five-memberedring

  8. Base-pairing inDNA • The nitrogenousbasespairwitheachotherthroughhydrogen bonding– called base-pairing • Adenineandthyminebase-pairwithtwohydrogen bonds • Guanineandcytosinebase-pairwiththreehydrogen bonds

  9. Structureandfunction of RNA • RNA • Is usuallysingle-stranded • Transmitsgeneticinformation frominsidethe nucleusto outside • Islessstable • The sugarisribose • Thiamine is replaced by Uracil

  10. Reading “The Code” 5’ • Each DNA strand is oriented “upside-down” from the other • We read DNA from 5’ to 3’ • DNA strands are reverse complement of one another 3’ 3’ 5’

  11. The5’-3’strandof DNA has the nucleic acid sequenceATGCGTC.What isthe sequenceof the complementary 3’-5’strand?

  12. Learning objectives • I can describe the structure of DNA including the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide • I can apply base pairing rules to determine what a complementary strand of DNA would look like for a given sequence • I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA

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