1 / 47

Circulatory System Blood

Circulatory System Blood. Blood & blood cells. Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells plasma (55% of volume) fluid dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more cells (45% of volume) red blood cells (RBC) transport O 2 in hemoglobin white blood cells (WBC) defense & immunity platelets

tate
Download Presentation

Circulatory System Blood

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Circulatory SystemBlood

  2. Blood & blood cells • Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells • plasma (55% of volume) • fluid • dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more • cells (45% of volume) • red blood cells (RBC) • transport O2 in hemoglobin • white blood cells (WBC) • defense & immunity • platelets • blood clotting

  3. Blood Cell production ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis • Stem cells • “parent” cells in bone marrow • differentiate into many different types of cells white blood cells white bloodcells red bloodcells

  4. Red blood cells • Small round cells • produced in bone marrow • lose nuclei & mitochondria • more space for hemoglobin • iron-containing protein that transports O2 • last 3-4 months (120 days) • filtered out by liver • ~3 million RBC destroyed each second

  5. Hemoglobin • Protein which carries O2 O2 O2 O2

  6. Red blood cell production • 5-6 million RBC in tiny drop of human blood • 5 liters of blood in body = 25 trillion RBC • produce ~3 million RBC every second in bone marrow to replace cells lost • each RBC 250,000 molecules hemoglobin • each Hb molecule carries 4 O2 • each RBC carries 1 million O2

  7. emergency repair of circulatory system Blood clotting chemicalemergencysignals plateletsseal the hole fibrin protein fibersbuild clot

  8. Circulatory Systemin Animals

  9. Feeding the Need for Energy • Supplies in • fuel (sugars) • digestive system • oxygen • respiratory system • Waste out • CO2 • respiratory system • Need to pick up & deliver the supplies & wastes around the body • circulatory system

  10. Circulatory system • Made up of 3 parts • organ • heart • tissues & cells • blood • red blood cells • blood vessels(vascular system) • arteries • veins • capillaries

  11. Circulatory systems • All animals have: • muscular pump = heart • tubes = blood vessels • circulatory fluid = “blood” open closed hemolymph blood

  12. Vertebrate Heart • 4-Chambered heart • atria (atrium) • thin wall • collection chamber • receive blood • ventricles • thick wall pump • pump blood out leftatrium rightatrium rightventricle leftventricle

  13. Evolution of circulatory system Not everyone has a 4-chambered heart fish amphibian reptiles birds & mammals 2 chamber 3 chamber 3 chamber 4 chamber Birds ANDmammals! Wassssup?! V A A A A A A A V V V V V

  14. Evolution of circulatory systems • What advantage was a 4-chambered heart • increase body size • fuel warm-blooded • enable flight • Higher energy needs • greater need for energy, fuel, O2, waste removal • warm-blooded animals & flying need 10x energy • need to deliver 10x fuel & O2 convergentevolution

  15. SL AV AV Heart valves • 4 valves in the heart • flaps of connective tissue • prevent backflow • Atrioventricular (AV) valve • between atrium & ventricle • keeps blood from flowing back into atria when ventricles pump • “lub” • Semilunar valves • between ventricle & arteries • prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles • “dub”

  16. Lub-dub, lub-dub • Heart sounds • closing of valves • “Lub” • force blood against closed AV valves • “Dub” • force of blood against semilunar valves • Heart murmur • leaking valve causes hissing sound • blood squirts backward through valve SL AV AV

  17. Cardiac cycle • 1 complete sequence of pumping • heart contracts & pumps • heart relaxes & chambers fill • contraction phase • systole • ventricles pumps blood out • relaxation phase • diastole • atria refill with blood

  18. Electrical signals • heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses • signal also transmitted to skin = EKG stimulates ventricles to contract from bottom to top, driving blood into arteries allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract

  19. Cardiac Cycle ventriclesfill How is this reflected in blood pressure measurements? systolic ________ diastolic chambers fill pump(peak pressure) _________________ fill(minimum pressure) 110 ________ 80 ventriclespump

  20. Measurement of blood pressure if systolic > 150 or if diastolic > 90 hypertension =(high blood pressure)

  21. Any Questions??

  22. Circulatory SystemBlood Vessels

  23. Blood vessels arteries veins artery arterioles venules arterioles capillaries venules veins

  24. Arteries: Built for their job • Arteries • blood flows away from heart • thicker walls • provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood • elastic & stretchable • maintains blood pressure even when heart relaxes

  25. Major arteries aorta carotid= to head to brain & left arm to right arm to body pulmonaryartery pulmonaryartery=to lungs coronary arteries

  26. Veins: Built for their job Blood flows toward heart • Veins • blood returns back to heart • thinner-walled • blood travels back to heart at low speed & pressure • why low pressure? • far from heart • blood flows because muscles contract when we move • squeeze blood through veins • valves in large veins • in larger veins one-way valvesallow blood to flow only toward heart Openvalve Closed valve

  27. Major Veins superiorvena cava= from upper body pulmonaryvein= from lung pulmonaryvein = from lung inferiorvena cava= from lower body

  28. Structure-function relationship • Capillaries • very thin walls • allows exchange of materials across capillary

  29. Controlling blood flow to tissues • Capillary function • exchange between blood & tissues • O2, CO2, H2O, food, waste • blood flow in capillaries controlled by pre-capillary sphincter valves pre-capillary sphincters open pre-capillary sphincters closed

  30. Capillary Beds • Blood flow • at any given time, only 5-10% of body’s capillaries have blood flowing through them • supply varies as blood is needed • after a meal, blood supply to digestive tract increases • during strenuous exercise, blood is diverted from digestive tract to skeletal muscles • capillaries in brain, heart, kidneys & liver usually filled to capacity Why?

  31. Circulation of Blood Circulationto lungs • 2 part system • Circulation to lungs • blood gets O2 from lungs • brings O2-rich blood back to heart • Circulation to body • pumps O2-rich blood to body • picks up nutrients from digestive system • brings CO2& cell wastes from body to heart lungs heart body Circulationto body

  32. Vertebrate circulatory system • 2 part system lungs arteryto lungs vein from lungsto heart heart vein from bodyto heart artery to body body

  33. Stops along the way… • Lungs • pick up O2 / clean out CO2 • Small Intestines • pick up nutrients from digested food • Large Intestines • pick up water from digested food • Liver • clean out worn out blood cells

  34. More stops along the way… • Kidneys • filters out wastes (urea) • excess salts, sugars & water • Bone • picks up new red blood cells • Spleen • picks up new white blood cells

  35. Any Questions??

  36. Cardiovascular disease • Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis • deposits inside arteries (plaques) • develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel • increase blood pressure • increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage normal artery hardening of arteries

  37. Cardiovascular health bypass surgery • Genetic effects • Diet • diet rich in animal fat increases risk of CV disease • Exercise & lifestyle • smoking & lack of exercise increases risk of CV disease

  38. Cardiovascular health (U.S. 2001)

  39. Heart Disease Heart disease death rates 1996-2002Adults ages 35 and older

  40. Women & Heart Disease Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002 • Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years. Risk factors • Smoking • Lack of exercise • High fat diet • Overweight

  41. Any Questions??

  42. Lymphatic system • Parallel circulatory system • transports WBC • defending against infection • collects interstitial fluid & returns to blood • maintains volume & protein concentration of blood • drains into circulatory system near junction of vena cava & right atrium • transports fats from digestive system to circulatory system

  43. Lymph System

  44. Thermoregulation • Vasodilation & vasoconstriction • adjusts blood flow • evaporative cooling Vasoconstriction Vasodilation

  45. Counter Current Exchange blood from arteries warms blood in veins 36˚C core body temperature 5˚C temperature of environment Warm blood Veins Artery Veins Cold blood Capillary bed

  46. Coronary arteries bypass surgery

  47. Simpler organisms When your body is only 2-cell layers thick, you can get supplies in and waste out just through diffusion • all cells within easy reach of fluid Jellyfish Hydra

More Related