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Democracy and Reform

Democracy and Reform. Chapter 25. Reform in Great Britain. Section 1. Great Reform Act of 1832. Lowered qualifications to vote ( decreased land requirements) At the time 1 in 100 men could vote This act changed it to 1 in 32 Seats in Parliament distributed according to population.

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Democracy and Reform

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  1. Democracy and Reform Chapter 25

  2. Reform in Great Britain Section 1

  3. Great Reform Act of 1832 • Lowered qualifications to vote ( decreased land requirements) • At the time 1 in 100 men could vote • This act changed it to 1 in 32 • Seats in Parliament distributed according to population

  4. Chartists movement • Continue the Reforms of 1832 • The People’s Charter • votes for all men; • equal electoral districts; • abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament be property owners; • payment for M.P. s • annual general elections; and • the secret ballot.

  5. Two PM’s of Note • Gladstone of the Whigs or Liberals • Four times Prime Minister to Queen Victoria • 1868–74, • 1880–85, • 1886 • 1892–94 • Disraeli of the Tories or Conservatives • Twice Prime Minister to Queen Victoria • February to December 1868 • February 1874 to April 1880

  6. Gladstone • 1870 civil service reform • Most civil service jobs by merit from competitive exams • Army commissions no longer sold • The Education Act 1870 : creates local school districts • Prison reform begins and imprisonment for debt becomes a thing of the past • British outlaw slave trade in 1807, long before the U.S. and other European nations

  7. Disraeli • A favorite of Queen Victoria ( flattery will get you anywhere) • Originally a novelist • Go slow on reforms • Reform Bill of 1867 gives vote to many working class men; even more could vote by 1880

  8. Women’s rights • Married Women’s Property Acts of 1870 and 1882; Authored by Richard Pankhurst • Both increased women’s right over family property • His wife Emmeline Pankhurst and daughters Christabel and Sylvia • 1903 they founded Women’s Social and Political Union or the suffragettes • Used demonstrations, suicides, hunger strikes to gain attention • 1918 women over 30 could vote • 1928 same age restrictions as men

  9. Catholic v Protestant • Catholics are a majority in Ireland • Power in the hands of Protestants (English and Scottish) • 1829 Catholics gained right to vote and hold office • Potato famine a blight on the potato that rotted potatoes all over Europe • 1 million died and 2 million emigrated from Ireland

  10. The Dominions Section 2

  11. Canada • Where the Europeans out numbered or completely dominated the native population • These nations wanted home rule • Canada gained dominion status in 1867 • Canada grew from Upper (English) and Lower (French) Canada to include Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick • Expanded to Prince Edward Island, Alberta and Saskatchewan by 1905 with help from the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway

  12. Australia • Starts as penal colony • Aborigines suffer from European contact • Grew and became independent • 1901 Dominion status

  13. New Zealand • Maori used firearms to fight each other • European diseases caused problems • Gold brought more Europeans • 1852 self governing colony • 1907 Dominion status

  14. Political Struggles in France Section 3

  15. Return of the King • Louis XVIII reigned as a constitutional monarch • Succeeded by his brother Charles X • let’s get back to the good old days when kings were kings and subjects were subjects • Restored by ultraroyalists • Les Trois Glorieuses (The three glorious days) • July 27, 28, 29 in 1830 mobs forced Charles X t o flee Paris • Louis Philippe the Bourgeois King or Citizen King • Succeeded Charles X

  16. French Issues • Louis Philippe only dressed like a citizen he still thought like a monarchist and responded less and less positively to citizen complaints • François Guizot tried to break up a banquet of citizens meeting to discuss their concerns • Riots and unrest forced Louis Philippe to resign

  17. Year of Revolutions • 1848 French revolted against Louis Philippe and François Guizot (Prime Minister of France) • Revolts also occur in Austria, Hungary, and Italy but not much is accomplished (yet)

  18. Austria & Hungary • Austria made up a small portion the holdings of the Austrian Habsburgs • Von Metternich was forced out of office and into exile by riots in Vienna and the King is forced to abdicate • Hungary forced a separation of Hungary and Austria where there was a Hungarian government in Budapest headed by the King of Hungary who was also the King of Austria

  19. Consequences of 1848 • A Second Republic was formed in 1848 • Candidate for office Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte won Presidency of Republic • Courted Catholics by sending troops to suppress Roman Republic and aid Pope • When people reacted to this with riots; National Assembly restricted rights and reduced voting rights

  20. Following Uncle’s example • As his uncle Napoleon did: • Louis-Napoleon seized power in a coup d’état • Used plebiscite to get new constitution • Used 2nd plebiscite to gain office of Emperor for hereditary empire • Restricted freedom of press • Crimean War joined with Britain and Sardinia to help Ottoman Empire against Russia

  21. Germany • Was more of a geographical term than a nation • Prussia was the dominant state in the North with Austria dominant in the South • Conditions were so bad for the lower classes that the serfs were not yet completely free in many areas of Germany • Austria would not separate itself from the rest of its empire • Many talented liberal Germans emigrated to US

  22. Italy Was more of a geographical term than a nation • Uprisings against Austrian troops in the Piedmont were eventually crushed as was a Roman republic based in the Papal states

  23. Crimean War • Bitter war fought mainly by British and Russians over rights to protect Christians in the Holy Land • Florence Nightingale formed nursing service during this war • Several terms used for years came from this war • Such as the Thin Red Line tipped with steel

  24. Painting of the thin red line

  25. End of Commune • Paris Commune lasts only a short while • Clash between National Assembly and Commune results in fall of Commune • Assembly calls in the Prussians who helps suppress revolt • 40K arrested 20K –30K killed

  26. The Third Republic • 1875 new constitution • Bicameral legislature full support needed for any official action • Weak president • Cabinet of ministers with premier responsible for day to day

  27. Problems with 3rd Republic • General Georges Boulanger planned a coup d’état • Failed when he was ordered arrested and fled • Panama Canal project failed thousands lost savings • Dreyfus Affair • Jewish officer framed for passing secrets to Germans • Sent to Penal colony in French Guiana • Emile Zola led campaign for retrial • Court Martial said look we told you this guy did it! What’s the problem? • Won pardon by President

  28. Expansion of the United States Section 4

  29. Meanwhile across the pond • 1803 bought huge chunk of land from French called the Louisiana Purchase • 1819 bought Florida • Acquired Washington, Oregon, Idaho and parts of other states in treaty with Great Britain over borders • 1846 annexed Texas • 1848 acquired most of Southwest in war with Mexico • 1853 Gadsden Purchase completed continental US

  30. Division • Nation divided on sectional lines on many topics • Most inflammatory was expansion of slavery • Feelings brought to head with election of Lincoln • Four years of bloody war

  31. Civil War dead • 1860 US Population 31,183,582 • Total Dead from war 618,000 • Percentage of total population 1.98 • Total white males 1860 13,675,476 • Dead as a Percentage of the white male population 4.5 • 2000 equivalent of percent total 5,802,672

  32. Amendments • Constitution is amended to • outlaw slavery; 13th Amendment • Grant citizenship to all born here without regard to conditions of previous servitude; 14th Amendment • Grant vote to black males; 15th Amendment

  33. Influx of People • As new country with freedoms people come to US • Starting with Northern Europeans and then later Asians and Southern and Eastern Europeans

  34. Votes for Women • 1869 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony form National Woman Suffrage Association NWSA focused on Federal push • American Woman Suffrage Association by Lucy Stone focused on state push • 1890 merge National American Woman Suffrage Association

  35. 19th Amendment • The Susan B. Anthony Amendment proposed every year from 1878 to 1919 when it passed • Ratified 1920

  36. Latin American Independence Chapter 25, Section 5

  37. Warm Up Quiz #1

  38. 1. • Each province in Spanish America was headed by an official called a • A. governor-general • B. viceroy • C. bishop • D. president

  39. 2. • Which of the following groups was at the top of the social order in the Spanish colonies? • A. Creoles • B. Meztizos • C. Mulattos • D. Peninsulares

  40. 3. • Which of the following most inspired revolutionaries in Latin America? • A. The Scientific Revolution • B. The Commercial Revolution • C. The Restoration in England • D. The Declaration of Independence

  41. 4. • Both Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar • A. Led slave revolts • B. were creoles • C. liberated areas from colonial rule • D. fought against the French

  42. 5. • The main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was to • A. protect American trade with Latin American • B. discourage revolutions in Latin America • C. encourage revolutions in Latin America • D. support European intervention in Latin America

  43. South of the Border • Spanish colonial society was very rigid • Peninsulares people born on Iberian Peninsula and acting as administrators, also called viceroys or colonial officers • Creoles people born in Western Hemisphere of aristocratic families • Lower class Spanish • Mestizos people of mixed heritage Spanish and Native American • Mulattoes mixed Spanish and African heritage • Africans and Native Americans

  44. Culture in Latin American colonies • Catholicism is the dominant religion in the colonies • Many natives were converted in missions run by Spanish priests • Cultures of native people and Spanish colonists merge • Language is predominately Spanish, sometimes a mixture of both Spanish or French and native languages is spoken as a dialect

  45. Locate Major Colonial Cities • Havana • Mexico City • Lima • Sao Paulo • Buenos Aires • What was the dominant export?

  46. Enlightenment • Creoles wanted changes but lacked power because they did not come from Spain or Portugal • They eventually led the way to freedom

  47. Latin America • Simon Bolivar frees much of northern Latin America • Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia and Ecuador • Jose de San Martin • Argentina • Peru • with Bernardo O’Higgins • Chile

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