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Evolution of the U.S. Silver Dollar

Explore the fascinating history and development of the U.S. Silver Dollar, from its creation in 1792 to the modern Presidential Series. Discover the various designs, compositions, and significant moments in the evolution of this iconic coin.

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Evolution of the U.S. Silver Dollar

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  1. Evolution of the U.S. Silver Dollar Created by: Lane J. Brunner, Ph.D. Rod Gillis Numismatic Educator

  2. Spanish Eight Reale

  3. First United States Mint • Mint Act of April 2, 1792 • Philadelphia was only location • Mint officials had to post $10,000 bond (Five times the Director’s annual salary!) • First coins struck in 1793 • Only copper cents and half-cents

  4. First Silver Coins • Congress lowered bond to $6,000 • March 1794 silver dollars were struck • Dies prepared in 1793 by Robert Scot

  5. Coinage Design • An impression emblematic of Liberty • Inscription of the word LIBERTY • Year of coinage • Representation of an eagle • Inscribed UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • No denomination • HUNDRED CENTS ONE DOLLAR OR UNIT

  6. 1794 Flowing Hair Dollar

  7. Dollar Composition • 1485/1664 silver and 179/1664 copper • Fineness of 0.8924 • Assayer Albion Cox complained • Director David Rittenhouse allowed for higher fineness of 0.900 (illegal!) • Depositors lost money on transaction

  8. Production • Total of 2,000 pieces struck • One pair of dies • All struck in one day • Net mintage of 1,758 • 120-130 surviving examples

  9. 1795-1798 Draped Bust Dollars • New obverse design after one year • Design change corresponded with new Mint Director Henry William DeSaussure • Matured Liberty • Buxom Roman Matron • Philadelphia socialite Ann Willing Bingham • Reverse design slightly refined • Still no denomination

  10. 1795 Draped Bust Dollar

  11. 1798-1804 Draped Bust Dollars • Dollar remained the flagship denomination • Improved technology and quality • Obverse design now with 13 stars • Reverse was a heraldic eagle • Iconography “blunder”

  12. 1804 Dollar

  13. King of US Coins • Mint reports of dollars produced in 1804 • Coins were struck in 1834 for diplomats • Later restrikes in 1850’s • All are unofficial “fantasy” pieces • 15 known specimens • In 1999 Childs specimen sold for $4.14 M

  14. 1836-39 Gobrecht Dollars • No dollars produced since 1803 • Coins did not circulate • Primarily bullion depositors • Large number exported • 1831 authorization was given for dollars • 1835 preparation began to coin dollars • Christian Gobrecht adopted designs of Thomas Scully and Titian Peale

  15. Gobrecht Dollar

  16. Seated Liberty Dollars • Obverse design similar to Gobrecht dollar • Inspired by Britannia on British coppers • Liberty in Grecian robe supporting Union shield with LIBERTY inscribed • Figure holds a pole with a Liberty cap • Reverse design similar to half dollars • Design adopted for all circulating silver coinage

  17. Seated Liberty Dollars

  18. 1873-1885 Trade Dollars • Comstock silver mine • Germany demonetizes silver • Declining market price for silver • “Crime of 1873” stopped dollar production • Created a Trade dollar for international use • Trade dollar had 420 grains 0.900 fine silver • US dollar (412.5 gr) and Mexican 8R (416 gr)

  19. Trade Dollar

  20. 1878-1921 Morgan Dollar • Very popular collectible today • Minors lobbied Congress since 1873 • Bland-Allison Act of 1878 required Treasury to purchase 2-4 million ounces of silver each month • Coin was designed by George T. Morgan • Philadelphia teacher Anna Willess Williams • Unwanted by the public

  21. Morgan Dollar

  22. 1921-1935 Peace Dollar • Produced to celebrate peace after WWI • Pittman Act of 1918 stated Treasury could melt up to 350 million silver dollars for bullion or subsidiary coins • The Mint must strike replacements • Great for silver miners • National competition won by Anthony de Francisci (wife Teresa was the model)

  23. Peace Dollar

  24. 1964 Peace Dollar

  25. 1971-78 Eisenhower Dollar

  26. 1979-1999 Susan B. Anthony

  27. 2000-Date Golden Dollar

  28. Presidential Series 2007-2016 President George Washington

  29. Presidential Series 2007-2016

  30. Presidential Series 2007-2016 • President Thomas Jefferson

  31. President James Madison Presidential Series 2007-2016

  32. Presidential Series 2007-2016

  33. Presidential Series 2007-2016

  34. President Andrew Jackson Presidential Series 2007-2016

  35. President Martin Van Buren Presidential Series 2007-2016

  36. President William Henry Harrison Presidential Series 2007-2016

  37. President John Tyler Presidential Series 2007-2016

  38. President James Polk Presidential Series 2007-2016

  39. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Zachary Taylor

  40. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Millard Fillmore

  41. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Franklin Pierce

  42. Presidential Series 2007-2016 James Buchanan

  43. Presidential Series 2007-20016 Abraham Lincoln

  44. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Andrew Johnson

  45. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Ulysses S. Grant

  46. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Rutherford B. Hayes

  47. Presidential Series 2007-2016 James Garfield

  48. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Chester Arthur

  49. Presidential Series 2007-2016 Grover Cleveland

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