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Glenn Nader – Yuba/Sutter/Butte Co. Impact of YST. Deep tap root – mines water (66%) Barbs - recreation. Poisonous. Horses only Alkaloid that destroys brain Toxic to horses (600lbs) 1 to 3 months Will not occur if there is sufficient feed Fall is the highest report period.
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Impact of YST • Deep tap root – mines water (66%) • Barbs - recreation
Poisonous • Horses only • Alkaloid that destroys brain • Toxic to horses (600lbs) 1 to 3 months • Will not occur if there is sufficient feed • Fall is the highest report period
Biology = Control • Annual • Germinates with sunlight and moisture • Seed viable for 3 to 5 years • Produces 50 – 200 million seeds/Ac • Requires 2 million to restock
Eradication vs Management • Seed bank dynamics • 98% control to deplete seed bank • Eradication long term commitment 4-5 years
Mowing • Annual plant • Start to flower (2-5%) • Cut below lowest branch or growth point • Mower cut at 4” • Grass competition –shade=>higher branching
Competition • Bare soil – Sunlight • Rose Clover • Annual Rye • Harding grass
Grazing • Managed into it by grazing • Light grazing Feb to March • Heavy mid April to June
Roundup • Annual grasses • Spray 5 % flowering • With dye on clean up after 2 years Transline • Acidification
Transline • ½ pint (1/4?) • Apply Jan to Feb • More than a single year program • Trans/Trans/Roundup w/dye • Rangelands • long term investment • Isolated patches • Susceptibility chart in handout
Biocontrol • 5 insects released • 30% control at best • All feed on the seed head • Others have fed on other crops • Long term answer