SOL Review: American History

1. SOL Review: American History JFK & LBJ Domestic Policies

2. The major goal of the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was to establish a separate political state for African Americans gain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution end segregation based on race permit unlimited immigration to the United States

3. “ . . . his legislative leadership was remarkable. No President since Lincoln had done more for civil rights. Yet much of this was forgotten as American society became increasingly divided over United States participation in a bloody, undeclared war.” Which 20th-century President does this statement most accurately describe? Woodrow Wilson Franklin D. Roosevelt Lyndon Johnson Ronald Reagan

4. An original purpose of affirmative action programs was to increase educational and employment opportunities for women and minorities improve the American economy by guaranteeing that employees will be highly skilled decrease social welfare costs by requiring recipients of public assistance to work reduce the Federal deficit by increasing government efficiency

5. When necessary to achieve justice, which method did Martin Luther King, Jr., urge his followers to employ? using violence to bring about political change engaging in civil disobedience leaving any community in which racism is practiced demanding that Congress pay reparations to African Americans

6. The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the voting rights of minorities guarantees of free speech and press principle of separation of church and state rights of accused persons

7. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct racial and gender discrimination limitations on freedom of speech unfair immigration quotas segregation in the armed forces

9. Martin Luther King, Jr. first emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement when he led the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama refused to give up his seat on a bus to a white man challenged the authority of the Supreme Court was elected as the first black congressman from the South

10. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) illustrated that all civil rights groups use the same tactics different approaches can be used to achieve a common goal organizational differences usually lead to failure violence is the best tool for achieving social change

11. In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil rights movement by guaranteeing equal voting rights to African Americans banning racial segregation in hotels and restaurants declaring that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment upholding the principle of separate but equal public facilities

12. In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to protect civil rights marchers help African Americans register to vote enforce a Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools end race riots resulting from a bus boycott

13. Lunch counter sit-ins and the actions of freedom riders are examples of steps taken in support of the Americans with Disabilities Act programs dealing with affirmative action violent acts by the Black Panthers nonviolent attempts to oppose segregation

14. President Kennedy's "New Frontier" and President Johnson's "Great Society" shared an underlying belief that • the free market could solve most of America's problems in the 1960s • the federal government's roles was to create and implement programsthat would meet the needs of the less fortunate in American society • state and local governments were the governments closest to thepeople and were therefore better situated than the federal governmentto solve the problems of American society • most problems in American society could be better dealt with by courtsthan by the executive or legislative branches of government

15. The series of "one man, one vote" rulings by the Supreme Court that began in "Baker v. Carr" (1962) • weakened inner-city political machines • stopped the practice of citizens voting twice whenever they ownedproperty in two locations • declared that the counting of black votes as three-fifths of white voteswas unconstitutional • required that legislative districts in the U.S. be as equal in population aswas possible

16. Which of the following did President Kennedy promise would occur by the end of the 1960s? • an American would land on the moon • the war in Vietnam would come to an end • Fidel Castro would be overthrown • a woman would become president

17. As a result of the first televised presidential debate in 1960 • Kennedy was able to defeat Nixon by a narrow margin • The face of American politics would forever change • Kennedy came across to America as a more polished candidate • All of the above

18. The Warren Commission found • Kennedy was the victim of a government conspiracy • Lee Harvey Oswald acted as the lone assassin • Our government was filled with Communist spies • Alger Hiss sold atomic secrets to the Soviets

19. “And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country.” This is a quote given from LBJ JFK FDR Richard Nixon

20. The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other Presidential program? Warren Harding’s Return to Normalcy Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism George Bush’s Thousand Points of Light

21. A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to provide government aid to business end poverty in the United States conserve natural resources stop emigration from Latin America

22. In 1965, Congress established Medicare to provide health care to the elderly assist foreign nations with their health problems grant scholarships to medical students establish universal health care

23. . . . My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. . . .” -John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 To implement the idea expressed in this statement, President Kennedy supported the creation of the Marshall Plan formation of the Peace Corps removal of United States troops from Korea establishment of the South East Asia Treaty Organization

24. The ratification of the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, was a result of the participation of the United States in the Vietnam War fear of McCarthyism reaction to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union reporting of the Watergate scandal