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Individual, Aging, and Gender Differences in Cognition

Individual, Aging, and Gender Differences in Cognition. Ability Differences. Intelligence Cognitive abilities? Keating & Bobbitt (1978) – ability of children to aquire, store, and manipulate basic information The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994) Consistent over time

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Individual, Aging, and Gender Differences in Cognition

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  1. Individual, Aging, and Gender Differences in Cognition

  2. Ability Differences • Intelligence • Cognitive abilities? • Keating & Bobbitt (1978) – ability of children to aquire, store, and manipulate basic information • The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994) • Consistent over time • Based on one general factor • Biased? • Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (MI) Theory (1983, 1993, 1999)

  3. Linguistic Logical-mathematical Musical Bodily-kinesthetic Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist Existential Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

  4. Cognitive Styles • Field dependent (FD) versus Field Independent • Cognitive tempo (reflective/impulsivity) • Age differences? • Young children • Impulsive and field dependent • Older children • More reflective and field independent

  5. Cognitive Styles • Expert/Novice Differences • Level of knowledge in a given domain affects your cognition within a domain. • Deeper, domain specific, quicker to recognize patterns, chunking • Need for Cognition • No correlation with cognitive ability

  6. Effects of Aging on Cognition • Divided attention tasks • Speech recognition • Speech discrimination • Processing Speed • Memory Performance • Problem solving • Tower of Hanoi

  7. Gender Differences • Issues • Skills and abilities • More specialized than generalized • Mental rotation • Task specific • Based on experience • Lateralization

  8. Gender Differences • Motivation for cognitive tasks • Achievement motivation • Master-oriented vs. helpless pattern • Boys external locus of control • Girls internal locus of control • Connected Learning • Connected knowing vs. separate knowing • Men (and women in traditional male environments) use separate knowing

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