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Chapter 10: Thunderstorms and tornadoes

Chapter 10: Thunderstorms and tornadoes. Thunderstorms Tornadoes Tornadic thunderstorms Severe weather and doppler radar. Thunderstorms. Ordinary cell thunderstorms. cumulus stage mature stage dissipating stage.

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Chapter 10: Thunderstorms and tornadoes

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  1. Chapter 10: Thunderstorms and tornadoes • Thunderstorms • Tornadoes • Tornadic thunderstorms • Severe weather and doppler radar

  2. Thunderstorms

  3. Ordinary cell thunderstorms • cumulus stage • mature stage • dissipating stage • Ordinary cell thunderstorms are sometimes called‘air mass thunderstorms’, because they form in conditionally unstable air masses and are not necessarilyassociated with fronts or severe weather

  4. Severe thunderstorms and the supercell • multicell storms • supercell

  5. Squall lines and mesoscale convective complexes • multicell thunderstorm • squall line • mesoscale convective complex

  6. Dryline thunderstorms • dryline • these storms occur frequently in the southernGreat Plains of the US

  7. Gust fronts, microbursts and derechoes • gust front • shelf cloud and roll cloud • outflow boundary • downbursts and microbursts • derecho • Microbursts present a severe hazard to aircraft, especially during takeoff and landing • Several airports have installed microburst detection instruments

  8. Floods and flash floods • flash floods

  9. Distribution of thunderstorms • combination of warmth and moisture • geographical placement • “Tornado Alley” is home to most of the world’s tornadoes

  10. Lightning and thunder • lightning • thunder • According to the Guinness Book of World Records,Roy Sullivan holds the world’s record for being struckby lightning seven times between 1942 and his deathin 1983.

  11. Electrification of clouds • electrical charges in clouds • relationships of updrafts and downdrafts to electrical charges

  12. The lightning stroke • cloud-to-ground lightning • stepped leader • return stroke • dart leader

  13. Types of lightning • forked lightning • ribbon lightning • dry lightning • heat lightning • St. Elmo’s fire • “heat lightning” isn’t really any different thanordinary lightning

  14. Lightning detection and suppression • lightning direction-finder

  15. Tornadoes

  16. Tornado life cycles • tornado • funnel cloud • dust-whirl stage • mature stage

  17. Tornado outbreaks • tornado families • tornado outbreaks • Much ground-breaking research on tornadoes wasconducted by Professor Ted Fujita of the Universityof Chicago. The “F-scale” of tornado intensity wasnamed after him.

  18. Tornado occurrence • tornado alley • time of day • times of year

  19. Tornado winds • multi-vortex tornadoes • suction vortices

  20. Seeking shelter • tornado watch • tornado warning • It’s always a good idea to know what to do if a tornado watch or warning is issued for your area

  21. The Fujita scale • tornado classification based on damage

  22. Tornadic thunderstorms

  23. Supercell tornadoes • mesocyclones • bounded weak echo region • hook echo • rotating clouds • wall cloud • A rotating wall cloud is an unforgettable sight - justask a successful storm chaser

  24. Nonsupercell tornadoes • gustnadoes • landspouts • cold air funnels

  25. Severe weather and Doppler radar

  26. Severe weather and Doppler radar • Doppler shift • tornado vortex signature • Doppler lidar • NEXRAD • waterspout • Many cities in the US have multiple Doppler radars,operated by television station weather centers

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