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Korea Emerges

Korea Emerges. October 11, 2012. Review. How would you characterize religion in early Southeast Asia? Where did the first significant political entity emerge in Southeast Asia? Where was Champa and who lived there? Where can we find the largest Buddhist temple in the world?.

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Korea Emerges

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  1. Korea Emerges • October 11, 2012

  2. Review • How would you characterize religion in early Southeast Asia? • Where did the first significant political entity emerge in Southeast Asia? • Where was Champa and who lived there? • Where can we find the largest Buddhist temple in the world?

  3. Prehistoric Korea • Hongshan culture in the Liaodong area--more in common with cultures farther south than with those on the Korean peninsula. Had oracle bones, jade carvings, and tripods. 3,500 BCE • Cord-pattern pottery (Chŭlmun) 6,000-2,000 BCE consumed millet and rice, though we are not sure when they domesticated it. • Undecorated pottery (Mumun) 2,000 ---200 BCE clearly neolithic. Characterized in its last centuries by rice cultivation, bronze daggers, and dolmen burials. • Two foundation myths, Kija and Tan’gun. Neither has any archaeological support.

  4. The origins of Korea • Mythical Origins: Kija (a Chinese official who moved to Korea after the fall of the Shang) or Tan’gun (the son of a bear and a heavenly spirit) • Nangnang (Lelang) and the introduction of organized government on the Korean peninsula. (There is no evidence of an organized government before the Han established their outpost) • Three kingdoms appear after the fall of the Han: Koguryŏ in the north, Paekche in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast.

  5. Old Chosŏn [Gojoseon] • Is there any archaeological evidence for a kingdom in Korea before the arrival of the Han Chinese? • What is the difference between a kingdom, on the one hand, and a tribal federation, a chiefdom, and small polity, on the other? • Can we trust accounts of Old Chosŏn (Gojoseon) written over a thousand years later? • What do Han dynasty accounts tell us about Korea 2,100 years ago?

  6. The 4 Han Commandaries • after 108 BCE, Han established four outposts in Northeast Asia. Three lasted only a few decades. One (Lelang [Nangnang]) lasted for over 4 centuries. (Tai-fang appeared later) • Was there“nationalistic” resistance? There were Koguryŏ raids on an outpost in Manchuria, but they shouldn’t be called“nationalistic.” • Why is there debate over whether those commandaries existed or not?

  7. Korean-Japanese Relations • The Kaya Confederation, the Wa, and Yamato • It is likely that the peoples of Kaya and the Wa of western Japan (Kyushu) were related. They were not under one government, but may have been one people. • There is much archaeological evidence of Kaya influence on western Japan before the 6th century. • What did Korea give Japan? First, rice, iron, and bronze. Later, Buddhism, Chinese writing, medicine, math, and the social structure of Yamato Japan (hereditary occupations and status). Horse-riding came from Korea as well.

  8. Silla Korea • China’s Sui dynasty went broke trying to conquer Koguryŏ • Tang joined forced with Silla to defeat Paekche and Koguryŏ in the late 7th century. • Its rivals defeated, Silla governed the bottom 2/3rds of the peninsula. Parhae (Bohai) was in the north. • Sill was Buddhist kingdom ruled by an aristocracy of mostly warriors. • Adopted some elements of Chinese culture, including writing. • Can we call Silla “Unified Silla”? North Koreans say no, South Koreans say yes

  9. Early Korean Religion • shamanism---shamans in Korea are people (usually women) who become possessed by the spirits of the recently dead or of heroes from long ago. • Buddhism --Korea adopted Mahayana Buddhism from China • Wŏnhyo was a particularly famous Korean monk. • Korea did not adopt Daoist religion. • Koreans also used Confucianism to run their governments.

  10. Korean History in motion • Go to http://www.timemap.net/epublications/2002_animations/2002_shilla_animation.swf • Why is Nangnang (Lelang) not on this map designed by Korean historians?

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