Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

3. Jackson's First Presidential Run

4. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

5. Results of the 1824 Election A“Corrupt Bargain?”

6. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

7. Voting Requirements Eased • -This enlarged the voting population • Fewer states had property qualifications • In 4 years the number of voters tripled. • **Appealed to the ordinary citizen and took the nickname “Old Hickory”

8. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

9. A Little about Jackson • White male suffrage increased • Fiery temper • War hero, wealthy planter, and worked in law • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

10. Jacksonian Democracy • As part of his political philosophy, Jackson sought to grant political power to the common people • Called The Spoils System or Jacksonian Democracy, Jackson hired his own supporters to replace the previous administration’s staff • Jackson gave away many jobs to his friends and political allies

12. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

13. Jackson's Early Life

14. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

15. General Jackson

16. What were the key issues in 1828?

17. Rachel Jackson "Ought a convicted adulteress and her paramour husband to be placed in the highest offices of this free and Christian land?" Final Divorce Decree

18. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

19. 1828 Election Results

20. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

21. Jackson's Native-American Policy

22. Indian Removal • -Congress, with Jackson’s support, passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 • -Under this law, the federal government funded treaties that forced tribes west • -The Cherokee Tribe in Georgia refused and were supported by the Supreme Court • -Jackson refused to abide by the Court decision • Jackson said, “John Marshall (Supreme Court Chief Justice) has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” • -Trail of Tears followed the Court ruling as U.S. troops rounded up the Cherokee and drove them west, mostly on foot. . .thousands died

23. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

24. Indian Removal

25. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

26. Trail of Tears • Beginning in October/November of 1838 Cherokees were put into groups of 1000. • 800 mile trip west to new land. • Money and livestock were stolen along the way • Cherokee buried more than ¼ of their people • Land was inferior to past land

27. TARIFF OF “ABOMINATION” • In 1824 and again in 1828, Congress increased the Import Tariff of 1816 • Southerners called the 1828 Tariff, “a Tariff of Abominations,”and blamed it for economic problems in the South

28. The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy. The major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them. The South, however, was harmed directly by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South

30. Nullification threat • In an attempt to free South Carolina from the tariff, John Calhoun (Jackson’s VP from S.C.), developed the Theory of Nullification • He believed if a state found an act of Congress to be unconstitutional, it could declare the law void within its borders

31. Jackson’s Bank War • Jackson opposed National Bank so he created Pet Banks – so called because they were favored by Jackson’s Democrats • Many felt Jackson was acting more like a King than a president • In 1832, his opponents formed a new party – the Whigs

32. Panic of 1837 • In 1836, Democrat Martin Van Buren won the Presidency • He inherited problems from the “Bank Wars” • Jackson’s Pet Banks printed money without Gold (specie) backing • In 1837 a panicset in and many banks closed, accounts went bankrupted, and unemployment soared

34. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

35. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before his death) 1767 - 1845