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Hi! 

Hi! . Sorry I’m absent and not able to elaborate on these notes. My daughter is sick  .

tavia
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Hi! 

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  1. Hi!  • Sorry I’m absent and not able to elaborate on these notes. My daughter is sick. • Please read through this power point with your group and discuss what doesn’t make sense OR write down your questions and then email me! Please don’t wait until I came back because that’s too long to be confused.

  2. What happened to Denise? • Heart Attack! Only 1 group thought this was the answer mostly because what we “know” as symptoms of heart attack are more typical of the symptoms men have!

  3. The Cardiovascular System • A closed system of the heart and blood vessels • The heart pumps blood • Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body • The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

  4. The Heart • Location • Thorax between the lungs • Pointed apex directed toward left hip • About the size of your fist • Starts to beat 22 days after conception!

  5. The Heart Figure 11.1

  6. The Heart: Coverings • Pericardium – a double serous membrane • Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium. • Why is the heart surrounded by fluid? • NO FRICTION!!! • Balloon pericardium

  7. The Heart: Heart Wall • Three layers • Epicardium • Outside layer • Connective tissue layer- thin & strong • Myocardium • Middle layer • Mostly cardiac muscle- thick & strong • Endocardium • Inner layer • Endothelium-epithelial cells! Remember epithelial cells line all of your hollow organs! Where are MAJORITY of epithelial cell located? • Skin!

  8. External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

  9. Coronary (HEART) Circulation • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system • Coronary arteries • Cardiac veins • Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus • IF THESE GET BLOCKED YOU CAN HAVE A HEART ATTACK. Which pretty much means your heart is not beating correctly…it’s in a spasm. You die if enough of the heart cells die due to lack of O2.

  10. Blood Circulation Q: Based on the picture (or your own knowledge) Why is the left side muscle wall thicker then the right side??? A: Left side pumps to the entire body while the right side just pumps to the heart! Figure 11.3

  11. Q: Do Arteries ONLY carry oxygenated blood and veins ONLY deoxygenated? A: No…look closely. What statement CAN be made about these vessels? A: Arteries away & Veins towards heart.

  12. The Heart: Associated Great Vessels • Aorta • Leaves left ventricle • Pulmonary arteries • Leave right ventricle • Vena cava • Enters right atrium • Pulmonary veins (four) • Enter left atrium

  13. The Heart: Chambers • Right and left side act as separate pumps • Four chambers • Atria • Receiving chambers • Ventricles • Discharging chambers Figure 11.2c

  14. The Heart: Valves • Allow blood to flow in only one direction • Four valves • Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles • Bicuspid valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right) • Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve

  15. The Heart: Valves • Valves open as blood is pumped through • Held in place by chordaetendineae (“heart strings”) • Close to prevent backflow

  16. Watch tonight at home! • Quick review of blood movement thought the heart • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvAVu-7E2gA song 3min • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg technical 1.5 min

  17. Operation of Heart Valves Figure 11.4

  18. A bit on the stuff pumped around by our dear heart….Blood Groups and Transfusions • Large losses of blood have serious consequences • Loss of 15 to 30 percent causes weakness • Loss of over 30 percent causes shock, which can be fatal • Transfusions are the only way to replace blood quickly • Transfused blood must be of the same blood group

  19. Human Blood Groups • Blood contains genetically determined proteins • A foreign protein (antigen) may be attacked by the immune system • Blood is “typed” by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain proteins to clump (agglutination)

  20. Human Blood Groups • There are over 30 common red blood cell antigens • The most vigorous transfusion reactions are caused by ABO and Rh blood group antigens

  21. ABO Blood Groups • Based on the presence or absence of two antigens • Type A • Type B • The lack of these antigens is called type O

  22. ABO Blood Groups • The presence of both A and B is called type AB • The presence of either A or B is called types A and B, respectively

  23. Rh Blood Groups • Named because of the presence or absence of one of eight Rh antigens (agglutinogen D) • Most Americans are Rh+ • Problems can occur in mixing Rh+ blood into a body with Rh– blood

  24. Rh Dangers During Pregnancy • Danger is only when the mother is Rh– and the father is Rh+, and the child inherits the Rh+ factor

  25. Rh Dangers During Pregnancy • The mismatch of an Rh– mother carrying an Rh+ baby can cause problems for the unborn child • The first pregnancy usually proceeds without problems • The immune system is sensitized after the first pregnancy • In a second pregnancy, the mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood (hemolytic disease of the newborn)

  26. Blood Typing • Blood samples are mixed with anti-A and anti-B serum • Coagulation or no coagulation leads to determining blood type • Typing for ABO and Rh factors is done in the same manner • Cross matching – testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum, and vice versa

  27. Blood Typing Figure 10.8

  28. Heart dissection • We will be dissecting a preserved sheep heart next class. So BRUSH UP ON the external parts (major blood vessels) and the internal parts (valves, chambers, septum) • Go to next slide

  29. Starting now you will prepare for our dissection. • You will make “flags” for labeling with tape, construction paper & toothpicks. • Once you are done make an envelope (fold it into 4th and then fold the top over) out of a sheet of paper, put your names on it & put it in the bin. • Once you have finished flags you should review & study the diagram of the interior of the heart that shows all 4 chambers (which is a frontal (coronal) cut) and compare it to the picture of an actual heart so you have a better idea of what the structures REALLY look like. • During dissection you will flag all of the parts of the heart, using only your brains, for credit. So, be prepared! • Go to next slide

  30. HW: finish the writing prompts. Once you finish the flags you can work on this. • I will collect both WP next class. • Go to next slide…

  31. flags • L Atrium • R Atrium • L Ventricle • R Ventricle • Bicuspid valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right) • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve • chordae tendineae • Aorta • Base • Apex • Superior vena cava • Septum

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