In(k)formation

1. In(k)formation Mudit Agrawal Class: Info-centric design of Systems Spring ‘07 University of Maryland, College Park

2. Motivation • With the digital age, is it possible to revolutionize publishing? • Will paper be still around after 10 years as the chief source of ink or printed information? • If not, how and where will our ink-information be stored? • If yes, will it be any different? University of Maryland, College Park

3. Contents • Information storage media • Paper Industry • Electronic Paper • Digital Paper • Stylus and Digital Pens • Applications • Proposal for digital-exam! University of Maryland, College Park

4. Information Storage • Old Storage media • simple, • low capacity • difficult to duplicate • difficult to distribute • Today’s digital environment • huge storage capacities • simple distribution. • Nature’s storage media • Tree rings - analog representation of the patterns of flood and drought. • Crystal structures - representing patterns and arrangements of atoms and molecules. • DNA, digital encoding of information in patterns of genes and proteins. petroglyphs University of Maryland, College Park

5. Digital Age • Data is stored all around you • On • floppy disks, • barcodes, • identification and bankcards. • Data can be in many forms: • identification numbers, • photographs, • computer files, • audio and videotape, • CD-ROMs • DVD-ROMs University of Maryland, College Park

6. Still! • A recent estimate of information storage estimated 1% is stored in recordable media such as disk drives and CD-ROM, 4% in photographic microfilm and fiche, and 95% on paper. University of Maryland, College Park

7. Statistics! • A tree can produce about 80,500 sheets of paper • It requires about 786 million trees to produce the world's annual paper supply University of Maryland, College Park

8. Paper! • Printed Paper is • Cheap, • Cheerful, • Ubiquitous It's The Bedrock Of A Billion-Dollar Global Industry • Why paper still? • Of course, because paper has entrenched advantages. • tangibility: pretty much everyone prefers paper to screens. • You can carry it around; • it's compact, • it's convenient • doesn't break. • It doesn't need outside power. • totally reliable. In other words, it's everything a laptop computer is not. University of Maryland, College Park

9. Traditional Paper  • Inspite of all these added advantages, conventional paper lacks • Fast and efficient search • Reusability • Piles! University of Maryland, College Park

10. Tablet PC or Notebook? NO! University of Maryland, College Park

11. Electronic Paper And Digital Paper University of Maryland, College Park

12. Electronic Paper • Mimics appearance of regular ink on paper • Doesn’t use backlight to illuminate pixels • Reflects light like ordinary paper • Bistable University of Maryland, College Park

13. Electronic Paper … (continued) • Intelligent Paper • First developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. • Gyricon – first electronic paper • Concept from Dot-matrix printer – words and pictures can be broken into dots or pixels University of Maryland, College Park

14. Electronic Paper … (continued) • Contained polyethylene spheres between 20 and 100 micrometres across. • Each sphere is composed of • negatively charged black plastic on one side and • positively charged white plastic on the other • each bead is thus a dipole. • The spheres are embedded in a transparent silicone sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil so that they can rotate freely. University of Maryland, College Park

15. Electronic Paper … (continued) • The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of electrodes then determines whether the white or black side is face-up, thus giving the pixel a white or black appearance. • Negative charge to electrode  black pixel University of Maryland, College Park

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17. University of Maryland, College Park

18. Applications • Phillips and Sony developing commercial applications. • Shipped developer kits of 6 inch, 800x600 resolution electronic paper on November 1, 2005. • In February 2006, the Flemish daily De Tijd distributed an electronic-ink version of the paper University of Maryland, College Park

19. Applications … (continued) • Flexible display cards enable generation of a one-time password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud. • Compared with existing key fob tokens, display cards offer a flat and thin alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security. • Motorola's new style mobile phone, called the Motofone, also uses a monochrome electronic paper screen University of Maryland, College Park

20. Are we missing something?  University of Maryland, College Park

21. Digital Paper and Pen • Motivation: Handwriting! • Need for an interactive paper • Precursors: • Wacom Tablet • Pegasus Pen University of Maryland, College Park

22. Wacom Tablet University of Maryland, College Park

23. Wacom Tablet • cordless, battery-free and pressure-sensitive pens • uses a patented electromagnetic resonance technology • tablet provides power to the pen through resonant coupling • A grid of wires that transmits a send and receive signal University of Maryland, College Park

24. Application: GKB University of Maryland, College Park

25. Wacom  GKB  Details… University of Maryland, College Park

26. Wacom  GKB  Details… The channel mode of the gesture keyboard. In (a), the gestures are of same shape but spaced out in different (x,y) coordinates whereas, in (b), the gestures occur in same space but separated in the shape dimension. University of Maryland, College Park

27. Pegasus Pen University of Maryland, College Park

28. Digital Paper and Pen • Anoto! • Paper • with proprietary patterns of dots printed on it. • each dot is spaced about 0.3mm apart • the full pattern consists of 669,845,157,115,773,458,169 dots • encompasses an area exceeding 4.6 million km² • this corresponds to 73 trillion sheets of letter-size paper. University of Maryland, College Park

29. Pattern University of Maryland, College Park

30. Anoto Pen University of Maryland, College Park

31. Process • The digital pen takes digital snapshots of the pattern • A calculation of the exact position of the digital pen is made • Possible to retrieve • what has been written with the digital pen and • where on the paper this was written. University of Maryland, College Park

32. The system • Other Pens • Logitech IO pen • Magicomm G303 • Maxell digital pen • Nokia SU-1B pen University of Maryland, College Park

33. Implications! • Media of storage reversed! • Pen stores the data, not paper • Move around with your pen, and dock in, to transfer the data wherever you want! University of Maryland, College Park

34. Applications:Paper Presentation Tool for giving PowerPoint presentations controlled by a paper-based user interface University of Maryland, College Park

35. Applications:Encyclopedia combining printed information with content delivered on a CD-ROM University of Maryland, College Park

36. Applications:Semi-digital City Map providing supplementary digital information about restaurants, cinemas, shopping facilities etc University of Maryland, College Park

37. Applications:Scientific Annotations publication annotation application was designed to support researchers in their annotations, recommendations and cross-referencing of articles University of Maryland, College Park

38. Applications:Print-n-Link Print-n-Link uses technologies for interactive paper to enhance the reading process by enabling users to access digital information and/or searches for cited documents from a printed version of a publication University of Maryland, College Park

39. Applications:Laboratory Notebooks • Research lab notebooks are pocket books for documenting scientific experiments • Click and search for related field • Match the results University of Maryland, College Park

40. Application:Handwriting Recognition! • Process: • Smoothing • De-hooking • Normalization • Ink vector interpolation in spatial domain (from temporal) • Training a classifier for simple generic shapes • Pre-processed ink for recognition University of Maryland, College Park

41. Applications:Others • Ambulance • X-ray annotations • Doctor e-diagnosis University of Maryland, College Park

42. Digital-Exam System Proposal Prepare the versions Of Question paper Associate Patterns with each version Distribute papers to students Answer matching Result generation Distribute Pens to students Examination Dock and transfer the ink University of Maryland, College Park

43. Gmail Paper! • Google Paper is a new feature being promoted on the Gmail home page. You can request a physical copy of any email with the click of a button, and Google will deliver paper printouts to you in 2-4 days via the mail. 1st APRIL  University of Maryland, College Park

44. References • http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/ismmod/intro.html • http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/print.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper • http://www.sipix.com/technology/index.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacom • http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.05/ff_digitalink_pr.html • http://www.eetindia.com:8088/ARTICLES/2006AUG/C/2006AUG28_INDIADESIGNS_HPLabsIndia.HTM • Kauranen(o.J.): The ANOTO pen - Why light scattering matters. IZMF (2004) • http://www.globis.ethz.ch/research/paper/applications University of Maryland, College Park