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Is Callus Formation Optimised for Fracture Stability? A Computational Study

Is Callus Formation Optimised for Fracture Stability? A Computational Study . Cameron Wilson 1 , Graeme Pettet 2 , Gongfa Chen 2 , Sanjay Mishra 1 , Roland Steck 1 , Martin Wullschleger 1 , Michael Schütz 1,3 Schools of 1 Engineering Systems & 2 Mathematical Sciences,

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Is Callus Formation Optimised for Fracture Stability? A Computational Study

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  1. Is Callus Formation Optimised for Fracture Stability?A Computational Study Cameron Wilson1, Graeme Pettet2, Gongfa Chen2, Sanjay Mishra1, Roland Steck1, Martin Wullschleger1, Michael Schütz1,3 Schools of1Engineering Systems & 2 Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology; 3Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital

  2. Models of Fracture Healing • What local mechanical conditions required for optimal healing? • Static models: match mechanics to histology(Carter et al., 1988; Claes & Heigele, 1999) • Iterative models: map mechanically-regulated healing processes (Ament & Hofer, 2000; Lacroix et al., 2002; Bailón-Plaza & van der Meulen, 2003; Gómez-Benito et al., 2005; Isaksson et al., 2006) • Limitations: • Initial geometry: pre-defined callus • Material properties • Qualitative validation • Need validated initial conditions.

  3. Aims: Bending Stiffness for… • Quantitative validation • “Mechanical” starting point

  4. Methods • 3D model simulating experimental 4-point bending • Experiment: mechanical tests 6 weeks after injury • Linear elastic materials; cylindrical cross-section • Assume spherical callus • Test range of callus sizes and elastic moduli • Select elastic modulus to match equivalent stiffness & callus size from experiment • Use “optimal” & larger/smaller calluses as starting point in iterative 2D “healing” model

  5. Results: 4-Point Bending Simulation

  6. Results: 4-Point Bending Simulation

  7. Model: Healing Simulation

  8. Application: Healing Simulation

  9. Conclusions & Future Work • Bending stiffness: method of model validation. • Starting point for mechanical models e.g. to investigate fixation methods: • Preliminary study suggests little bending stiffness benefit in larger callus  optimal? • Need sufficiently early test data (<4 weeks). • Don’t need ‘starting point’ if include all biology.

  10. Acknowledgements • Seed funding: • Synthes, Inc. • Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, QUT Thank-you

  11. Supplementary Material

  12. Supplementary Material • Intermediate callus sizes (½X & 2X) in iterative models

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