Juan Domingo Per ó n

1. Juan Domingo Perón Monique Lagunas Kevin Perez AnetaKrzywosz David Fernandez

2. Juan Domingo Perón • Perón was first elected president in 1946 • Form of government: He was very popular even though he had an authoritarian rule

3. In the 1930s – 1940s Argentina had an authoritarian government, which was mostly made up of the aristocracy. • June 1943, a military coup interrupted Ramon Castillo's (president at the time) conservative civilian government. • Leader of the coup, general Arturo Rawson, took over the presidency. • A.R. was eventually dismissed for wanting to include civilians in the office.

4. Arturo Rawson didn't have the honor, loyalty, and the unity which his replacement, general Pedro Ramirez did. • As colonel, Juan Domingo Perón had a significant part in the GOU (United Officer's Group) that overthrew Castillo's presidency. • Under Ramirez, Perón went from being an assistant of the secretary of war/vice president, general Edelmiro Farrell, to the head of the department of labor. • Being the head of labor made him have alliances with the Argentine labor unions which in turn increased his influence and power in the military government.

5. Eventually Argentina was turned into a totalitarian state • The military regime that was in power went against everything that opposed it: • Organizations that favored the allies (being that WWII was happening at the time) were considered communists • Schools were required to praise Argentina and the military • Newspapers were suppressed and editors, publishers, journalists all had to register with the government or be dealt with • All political parties were eventually banned

6. Perón had enrolled in the military when he was 16 and years later became captain. • Perón's interest in Argentina’s social well-being occurred when Perón became more aware of the poverty that his soldiers lived through. • Perón was a member of the GOU (Group of United Officers), they later seized power in 1943. • Perón convinced his colleagues vote him as the head of the Department of Labor. Perón promoted the rights of workers and industrial bourgeoisie to dominate the old ruling classes in Argentina.

7. Perón gained the approval of the middle class • In 1945 Perón was nominated Vice President and Secretary of War. Perón used his power to advocate for the rights or the working class

8. Arturo Juaretche • Founded Radical Orientation Forces of the Argentine Youth (FORJA), dedicated to maintaining Argentine history instead of allowing Buenos Aires to influence Argentina • 1945, Perón made Arturo the president of the bank of the province of Buenos Aires

9. Eva Perón • In charge of the nation’s welfare program • Founded the newspaper Democracia • Created a Perónistpolitical party for women • As a part of Eva’s welfare program she listened to the common people’s problems, gave them advice, and gave them money they needed to travel back home

10. Perónmainly focused his attention to the working class since they were the majority by advocating for them by giving them more rights. • Perón eliminated opposition, and ignored the criticism from the wealthy because his main focus was for the working class, army and the citizens of Argentina. • Perón wanted an independent Argentina so he initiated a five year plan to industrialize Argentina. • Perón made a new constitution that allowed him to be re-elected in 1952.

11. In 1952, Perón passed a law that gave prison time to people who disrespected the government. • Rivals of Perón were imprisoned, and newspapers that opposed Perón’s government were no longer distributed.

12. Under Perón's leadership: • Encouraged the creation of unions • Gave minimum wage to farm hands and improved the pay roll to other workers • Established the 8 hour workday • Made workers receive paid vacations

13. Perón described Argentina as free, just, and independent: • Started building Argentina's steel and iron industries • Gov. began buying railways that were British owned • Nationalized key sectors of the economy (U.S. Owned telephone company) • Increased the size of the army • Perón's belief – Justicialismo“belief in just society decided upon an authority figure” • He made people trust and respect him

14. Perón began his totalitarian rule after his 6 years in office because he altered the constitution. • Constitution was altered from a one 6 year term to having an additional term.

15. Acting support: Eva Perón • Perón’s totalitarian rule was achieved and can be seen due to his second term with his second wife, Eva Perón.

16. Developed nationalism; enhanced Argentinean pride. • Took control of foreign owned resources and industries. • Raised government spending, built manufacturing, and increased taxes on farm production.

17. “Evita” gained the support from the poor and working class. • She gave women the right to vote. • Juan and Eva were gaining plenty of Argentinean support

18. Jorge Luis Borges (right) was a poet who wrote about the political issues in “El Fin” • It was the job of the writer to fight against dictatorship.

19. Originally, Perón had no desire to change Argentina's economy and society when he and other members of the Argentine Army overthrew Ramon Castillo from the presidency on June 4, 1943. • Juan Perón and the other generals found it difficult to make the Argentinean people support their new policies, which meant that Perón and his closest men would have to create campaigns to attempt to gain their support.

20. Foreign-owned railways were nationalized. • Lower and middle classes of the cities now had the political and economic power that was previously possessed by the rural landowning class. • Perón hoped that unions would be formed amongst the meat packers and the workers on sugar plantations. • He also created a minimum wage for field workers, while raising the amount paid to other workers.

21. Perón focused on a program of industrialization and social welfare. • This included the nationalization of the railways, seizure of Axis property.

22. Universities no longer cost anything to attend, meaning anyone could attend, as long as they qualified to receive a higher education. • Seventy percent of the professors in the universities were removed. • Political opinions could not be freely expressed on campuses.

23. Textbooks in Argentina were required to praise Perón and his regime. • After 1946, Perón's wife Evita was running the nation's welfare program, and took advantage of her position to buy a newspaper called Democracia, which was used to sing the praises of the Perón government and of her own actions. She bought other newspapers, magazines, and even a radio network to further the spread of the propaganda.

24. In Democracia and from her home, Eva Perón spread a message to Argentinean women about how they had to bind together and fight for women's suffrage. • She succeeded in her efforts and women earned suffrage, and feminism received a major boost.

25. 1954, a group of Catholics had formed a their own labor union in opposition to Perón • Perón isolated the whole Catholic archdiocese in Argentina by arresting some priests, discontinuing Catholic papers, and banned religious demonstrations. • Perón also made divorce legal, banned religious teachings in school, and legalized prostitution. • Churches, and the building of the archdiocese were burnt down by Perón’s supporters.

26. Perón was understanding to the needs of the poor, and working class that he created free medical care and created medical clinics. • Perón’s main focus was to keep the support of the common people he did not disturb the wealthy, although they disliked him.

27. Perón lost some of his appeal when Eva died. • July 1954: a group of Catholics founded a rival political party. • The Navy and Air Force launched a coup and bombed Perón's residence. • The Army's leaders did not want another rival military force. They were fed up with Perón. • Juan's supporters sacked the grand cathedral in Buenos Aires, including the burning of several Catholic churches, and destroyed the headquarters of the archdiocese. • Perón went into exile in Paraguay and then Venezuela. 

28. Perón’s era was one of the most progressivein Latin American history in the 20th century. • Social security was universal • Paid vacations were set • Education was free to all that qualified • Low income housing was created

29. Video

30. Monique- PowerPoint presentation, religious policies, status of minorities, dictators path to power • Kevin- Historical Legacy, Totalitarianism, Downfall • Aneta- Structure and Philosophy of government • David- Historical Context, ideology and platform

31. EvitaPerón Addressing Women About Women's Suffrage. Photograph. The Official EvitaPerón Website. The Family of EvitaPerón. Web. 2 Jan. 2010. <http://www.evitaPerón.org/graphics/bio5.jpg>. • Gary W. Wynia, Argentina: Illusions and Realities, 2nd ed. (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1992) 194, Questia, Web, 3 Jan. 2010. • Jorge Fodor, "6 Perón's Policies for Agricultural Exports 1946- 1948: Dogmatism or Commonsense?," Argentina in the Twentieth Century, ed. David Rock (London: Gerald Duckworth, 1975) 135, Questia, Web, 3 Jan. 2010. • Robert J. Alexander, Prophets of the Revolution: Profiles of Latin American Leaders (New York: Macmillan, 1962) 252, Questia, Web, 3 Jan. 2010. • http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscience/history/argentina_s.africa.htm • http://www.diccionariodemitos.com.ar/mitos/eva_Perón.htm • http://www.bookrags.com/biography/juan-domingo-Perón/ • http://www.questiaschool.com/read/5024666339 • http://www.questiaschool.com/read/102077603 • http://www.casahistoria.net/Perón.pdf • http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch24u.html • http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/Perón/eva-Perón-10.jpg