Soft Transducer Materials For Energy Conversion

1. Soft Transducer Materials For Energy Conversion

2. CONTENTS Properties Piezoelectricity Pyroelectricity Ferroelectricity Conclusion

3. PIEZOELECTRICITY

4. What is piezoelectricity? Response of applied mechanical stress on the material

5. Mechanical Stress Electric Potential

6. A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed

8. MECHANISM In the crystal +ve and –ve charges gets aligned symmetrically so each of the side forms an electric dipole. when a mechanical Stress is applied this symmetry is disturbed and voltage is generated

9. Materials used in piezoelectricity Natural crystals Man-made crystals Man-made ceramics Lead free piezoceramics Polymers

10. 1. Berlinite(AlPO4), a rare phosphatemineral that is structurally identical to quartz 2. Cane sugar 3. Quartz 4. Rochelle salt 5. Topaz 6. Tourmaline-group minerals

11. crystals:- 1.quartz :- hexagonal structure, pure and contains traces of other elements Al3+, fe3+,Ti4+,P5+, H+, Li+, Na+, K+. Density=2.65gm/cm3 Shows piezoelectric effect perpendicular to prism axis.

12. 2]aluminium orthophosphate:- Rhombic crystal, Density: 2560 kg/m³ Mol mass: 121,95 g/mol

13. [3]gallium orthophosphate:- colourless trigonal crystal system, similar structure to that of Quartz. It is not naturally found as the Quartz. Its piezoelectric effect is twice to that of Quartz

14. Barium titanate (BaTiO3)—Barium titanate was the first piezoelectric ceramic discovered. • Lead titanate (PbTiO3) • Lead zirconate titanate • Potassium niobate (KNbO3) • Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) • Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) • Sodium tungstate (Na2WO3)

15. 1.Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4), a quartz analogic crystal 2.Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14), a quartz analogic crystal

16. Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) Typical PVDF Applications • Pressure Pick Ups: distribution of pressure on surfaces, accelerometers, keyboards. • Acoustic Components: microphones, ultrasonic detectors, hydrophones, sonar • Optical Devices: laser diameter measurement,

17. 1.electric cigarette lighter 2.Piezoelectric transformer 3.Sensor 4.Loudspeaker 5.Microphone 6.Inkjet printers 7.DANCE FLOOR

18. Temprature Variation Electric Potential

20. pyroelectric Materials Single Crystal Ceramics Polymers

21. 1. TriglycineSulphate • (TGS) or ((NH2 CH2COOH)3H2SO4) • TGS has been extensively studied for • thermal imaging applications and is well known for its use in infrared detectors. • 2.LiTaO3 (Lithium Tantalate) • 3. LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate) • 4. Sr1-x BaxNb2O6 (Strontium Barium Niobate)

22. 1. lead zirconium titanate (PZT) • 2.Mn-doped lead • zirconate-lead-titanate-lead magnesium niobate (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3)

23. 1.Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) [p(VdF), PVDF • or PVF2)]

24. 1.Flame and Fire Detectors 2.IR Detector 3.Radiometers 4.Thermometers 5.Imaging

29. 1.Spontaneous Polarization 2.Reorientation of Polarization

30. FERROELECTICMATERIALS 1.Tungston-Bronze group 2.Oxygen Octahedral group 3.Pyroshlore group 4.Bismth-layer Structure group

31. Oxygen Octahedral group ABO3perovskite type A=Pb2+ and La3+ ions B=Zr4+ and Ti4+ ions

32. FERROELECTICMATERIALS

33. 1.Piezo- & Pyroelectricity 2.Capacitor 3.Ferroelctric Memory Technology 4.FeFET

34. CONCLUSION It has very large importance in our daily life as we have seen the electricity generation by soft transducer material is very easy and at very low cost

35. http://www.imit.kth.se/info/SSD/KMF/2B1750/07_Pyro.ppt http://www.ims.uconn.edu/~alpay/Courses/MMAT317/Ferroelectrics http://eng-sci.udmercy.edu/courses/e478/dass/courses/E452-SensorsActuators/projects/heat%20sensor.ppt http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/ferroelectricity.pdf http://eng.sut.ac.th/ceramic/old/images_news/217.pdf http://butane.chem.illinois.edu/murphycj/chem204spring2011/handouts/FerroelectricReview.pdf http://theory.caltech.edu/~politzer/supplements/ferroelectricity.pdf http://r8---sn-o097zuel.c.youtube.com/videoplayback?algorithm=throttle-factor&burst http://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/iemrc/documents/EventsDocuments/2012%20conference/presentations/whatmore.pdf BIBLIOGRAPHY

36. THANK YOU

37. QUERY?

40. Types of insulators

41. There should be not any pores or air space. • There should not be any impurities. • There should be perfectly homogeneous material. • Leakage current should be minimum. • Insulators should be able to withstand over voltage and normal working voltage. • It should be mechanically strong to bear the conductor load.

42. It can assists the transmission of power across: • Densely populated urban areas • Areas where land is unavailable or planning consent is difficult . • Rivers and other natural obstacles • Land with outstanding natural or environmental heritage. • Areas of significant or prestigious infrastructural development.

43. It can assists the transmission of power across: • Densely populated urban areas. • Areas where land is unavailable or planning consent is difficult . • Rivers and other natural obstacles • Land with outstanding natural or environmental heritage. • Areas of significant or prestigious infrastructural development.

47. For harmonic variation • V(z, t)=v e^(-αz)cos(wt-βz) • I(z, t)=I e^(- αz)cos(wt-βz)

48. For harmonic variation • V(z, t)=V’ e^(-αz)cos(wt-βz) • I(z, t)=I’ e^(- αz)cos(wt-βz) • Where • V=voltage across z-axis • I=current across z-axis • V’=maximum voltage • I’=maximum current • α= Attenuation factor • β= phase factor

49. Loss in transmission line

50. Lossless transmission line