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Chapter 9 Solutions

Chapter 9 Solutions. 9.5 Solubility. Solubility. Solubility states the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a particular temperature. Typically, solubility is expressed as the grams of solute that dissolves in 100 g of solvent, usually water.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

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  1. Chapter 9 Solutions 9.5 Solubility

  2. Solubility • Solubility states the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a particular temperature. • Typically, solubility is expressed as the grams of solute that dissolves in 100 g of solvent, usually water. g of solute 100 g water

  3. Saturated Solutions • A saturated solution • Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve. • Has some undissolved solute at the bottom of the container.

  4. Unsaturated Solutions • An unsaturated solution • Contains less than the maximum amount of solute. • Can dissolve more solute.

  5. Learning Check At 40C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g H2O. Identify the following solutions as either (1) saturated or (2) unsaturated. Explain. A. 60 g KBr added to 100 g of water at 40C. B. 200 g KBr added to 200 g of water at 40C. C. 25 g KBr added to 50 g of water at 40C.

  6. Solution A. 2 Amount is less than the solubility. B. 1 In 100 g of water, 100 g KBr exceeds the solubility at 40C. C. 2 This would be 50 g KBr in 100 g of water, which is less than the solubility at 40C.

  7. Solubility of Solids Changes with Temperature • The solubility of most solids increases with an increase in temperature.

  8. Solubility of Gases and Temperature • The solubility of gases decreases with an increase in temperature.

  9. Learning Check A. Why could a bottle of carbonated drink possibly burst (explode) when it is left out in the hot sun? B.Why do fish die in water that is too warm?

  10. Solution A. The pressure in a bottle increases as the gas leaves solution as it becomes less soluble at high temperatures. As pressure increases, the bottle could burst. B. Because O2 gas is less soluble in warm water, fish cannot obtain the amount of O2 required for their survival.

  11. Henry’s Law • According to Henry’s Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid.

  12. Soluble and Insoluble Salts • A soluble salt is an ionic compound that dissolves in water. • An insoluble salt is an ionic compound that does not dissolve in water.

  13. Solubility Rules • A soluble salt dissolves in water. • Insoluble salts do not dissolve in water.

  14. Using the Solubility Rules • The solubility rules predict whether a salt is soluble or insoluble in water.

  15. Learning Check Indicate if each salt is (1) soluble or (2) insoluble. A. ______ Na2SO4 B. ______ MgCO3 C. ______ PbCl2 D. ______ MgCl2

  16. Solution Indicate if each salt is 1) soluble or 2) insoluble. A.1 Na2SO4 B. 2 MgCO3 C. 2 PbCl2 D. 1 MgCl2

  17. Formation of a Solid • When solutions of salts are mixed, a solid forms when ions of an insoluble salt combine.

  18. Learning Check The formula of an insoluble salt in each mixture is A. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 1) BaSO4 2) NaCl 3) Na2Cl2 4) none B. AgNO3 + KCl 1) KNO3 2) AgK 3) AgCl 4) none C. KNO3 + NaCl 1) KCl 2) NaNO3 3) ClNO3 4) none

  19. Solution A. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 1) BaSO4 B. AgNO3 + KCl 3) AgCl C. KNO3 + NaCl 4) none; all combinations are soluble.

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