Welcome to the World of Architecture

1. Chapter 1 The World of Architecture Welcome to the World of Architecture

2. The Cape Cod

3. The Cape Cod • Developed over 200 years ago. • Very traditional home • Usually built as 1 or ½ story but later 2 stories have become common • Originally had a steep roof with little overhang • Eve lines are near the top of the window

4. The Cape Ann • Very much like the Cape Code except for the chimney • The Chimney is usually centrally located and larger than the Cape Cod • The home consists of simple lines and sound construction and a feel of colonial atmosphere.

5. The New England Gambrel

6. The New England Gambrel • Variation of the colonial home but features a Gambrel Rood where the pitch is abruptly changed. • The advantage of the Gambrel roof is the extra headroom and usable living space

7. The Garrison

8. The Garrison • The traditional feature of the Garrison is the overhanging second floor. • The separate corner posts make it possible to use shorter stronger posts. • The short straight lines provide economy in framing materials. • Extra space is added at the second level by the overhang at very little extra cost.

9. The Salt Box

10. The Salt Box • Considered a Colonial • Consists of a long roofline sloping generally from ridge to eaves. • Gets its name from the shape of coffee, tea, cracker and salt boxes found in Colonial stores. • The long slanting roof was helpful in combating the bitter winds common to New England winters.

11. The Southern Colonial

12. The Southern Colonial • This house was designed to express a mood of elegance and traditional charm. • Outstanding features include the front colonnade and portico. • Usually massive with upper and lower balconies • Three story chimneys for bedroom fireplaces • Ornate woodwork and iron trim • Roof over the driveway

13. Modern Structures

14. Modern Structures

15. Modern Structures

16. Modern Structures • Many of today’s structures are well planned while others lack imagination or design balance. • The term modern does not denote any one particular architectural style. • Most modern homes borrow distinctive features from traditional features.

18. Modern Homes • The most important job of the architect is to design homes that satisfy the customers. • The rapid development of new construction materials and methods of fabrication has made it possible to design homes that require minimum maintenance.

19. The Ranch Design

20. The Ranch Design • Long low one story house that grew out of the rancher’s homes of the southwestern part of the country. • Low pitched roof • Gables and overhanging eaves • One or two car attached garage • Contain basements

21. Trends in Architecture • Many homes are designed for dramatic effects • Many are designed for a particular style • The BIG trend is to design a home that is dramatic yet comfortable.

22. Chapter 2 The Basic House Design

23. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split

24. The One Story Ranch Design • Living space is located on one level • Lends self to beautiful indoor and outdoor living • Absence of stairs…unless it has a basement

25. The One Story Ranch • Low pitched roof with wide overhangs • Outside is easy to maintain due to one story • May be built with full basement

26. Disadvantage of Ranch Design • More costly to build • Requires more roof area • Requires more foundation

27. Disadvantage of Ranch Design Requires a larger lot Maintainace costs may be more expensive due to large roof and exterior wall surface

28. One-and-One Half Story Design • This home is often called the Cape Cod • One story with steeper roof which allows for expansion of the attic • Dormers

29. Advantages of 11/2 Story Economy Built in expansability Bedrooms and bath are generally built into attic space Second floor is about ½ the size of the first floor.

30. One-and-One Half Story Could be left unfinished at first Heating costs are minimal Rooms must be planned for the ultimate number of occupants

31. The Two Story • More economical to build than Ranch or the 1 ½ story designs • Requires smaller lot • Heating and cooling is economical

32. The Two Story • Not as popular today as when it was introduced. • Usually traditional in style

33. Disadvantages of Two Story Maintenance may be difficult and more costly Does not lend itself to variations in style

34. The Split Design • Designed for the sloping or hilly lot • Takes advantage of troublesome elevation.

35. The Split Design • Lowest level houses heating and cooling equipment, storage and shop or washroom • Basement occupies 40-60 percent of house space.

36. The Split DesignThe Intermediate Level • Generally houses garage and recreation area • Ground level • Patio • Porch • Terrace

37. The Split DesignThe Living Level Also located at grade level Kitchen, dining room, living room, Full or half bath, Foyer, mud room, wash room may also be located on this level. Patios and terraces

38. The Split DesignThe Sleeping Area The highest level of the house The half-level difference between the living and sleeping levels affords greater privacy and quietness

39. The Split Design Often more expensive than two story but cheaper than a ranch Heating tends to be a problem but is resolved by different thermostats

40. Variations of Split-Level Design Side-by-Side Front-to-Back Back-to-Front Depending on the way the lot is sloped

41. Traffic Circulation • Primary consideration • Moving from one room to another • Planned with maximum efficiency

42. Traffic Circulation Distance from garage to kitchen should be short and direct Foyer should be centrally located All bedrooms need to be close to a bath Few rooms have traffic patterns Family room and eating nook are exceptions

43. Primary Considerations Chapter 3

44. What to consider: • Neighbors • Climate • Shopping • Transportation • Room for Expansion

45. Cost & Restrictions • Costs • tree removal • grading • drainage • The deed

46. Zoning and Codes • Zoning Ordinances • Commercial or Residential

47. Topographical Features • Slope • Contour • Size • Shape • Elevations • Trees • Rocks • Soil/Water Conditions

48. Family Needs • Find/Build a home that fits needs of family • Eating • Sleeping • Laundry • Hobbies • Studying • etc.

49. Other Considerations • Planning the home not only from inside-out.

50. Modular Aspects • Modular homes • Factory build homes • Utilize materials • adding extra foot around house not big expense