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Dairy Cow Feeding in Germany: Key Aspects and Best Practices

Learn about dairy cow feeding practices in Germany, including feeding systems, cow comfort, nutrient requirements, and forage quality. Understand the importance of dry matter intake and maintaining proper nutrition for optimal milk production.

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Dairy Cow Feeding in Germany: Key Aspects and Best Practices

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  1. DairyCowfeeding in GermanyPoints of Interest Heiko Kornahrens Productmanager

  2. Dairyareas in Germany • in viewfordairying Germany hasabout 4.2 milliondairycows • about 80% registered cowsforbreeding Located in thesemainareas • north • east • south

  3. Dairyareas in Germany • Different feedingandhousingsystems in Germany • „bigger“ farms (>70 cows) usingfree-stalls • Tie-stall barns in smallerherds (south)

  4. Dairyareas in Germany • Most ofthe „bigger“ farms (>150 cows) usingthe Total-Mixed-Ration (TMR) as a feedingsystem. • using TMR as a feedingstrategie • Robot milking in 40% of all newmilkingParlors

  5. Dairyareas in Germany • northern partof Germany: • Nearly all farmsare „Familien-Betriebe“ - familyownedandoperatedfarms • Average size 82 cows per farm (1 – 2300cows) • Mainlyusing Holstein-FrisianGenetic • Average milk yield – 8.900 kg

  6. Dairyarea´s in Germany • easternpartof Germany: • mostlyownedanddrivenbyco-op´sorotherforms (GbR, GmbH, …) • Average size 286 cows per farm • Mainlyusing Holstein-FrisianGenetic • Average milk yield – 9.400 kg

  7. Dairyarea´s in Germany • southern partof Germany: • Nearly all farmsare „Familien-Betriebe“ - familyownedandoperatedfarms • Average sizenearly 38 cows per farm • MainlyusingSimmentalGenetic • Average milk yield – 6.800 kg

  8. Dry matter intake – most important issue Water consumption – sufficient and clean Cow Comfort – a cow need to spend: 1/3 of life eating 1/3 of life resting 1/3 of life chewing cud Dairycows

  9. Take carethat all farmfactorsthataffectthe milk productionare in a perfectway. (feedbunk, healthyfeet, facilities, barnconstructionand so on). Don´tjudgeitby human standard, judgeitbya cowstandard Dairycows

  10. Remember: Not onlynutrients In all phasesoflactation (life) therearespecialneedsforthecows. Duringclose-upandfreshcowthebiggestimpact on cowsiscow-comfort, takecarefor a dry and clean enviromentwithfreshairandfreshwater Alwayskeep an eyeon thesecows Requirementofnutrients

  11. Try toseetherequirements in the different stagesoflifeorbetterduringLactationandGestation Fresh 0 - 30 Early 31- 120 Mid 120 - 250 Late 250 - Dry (Far off) 60 – 21 p.p. Close (Close up) 21 – p.p. Requirementofnutrients Lactation Dry period

  12. Try toseetherequirements in the different stagesoflifeorbetterduringLactationandGestation Fresh 0 - 30 Early 31- 120 Mid 120 - 250 Late 250 - Dry (Far off) 60 – 21 p.p. Close (Close up) 21 – p.p. Requirementofnutrients Lactation Dry period

  13. Feed Intake (DMI) in Transition period DMI kg Cows n heifers n

  14. Feed Intake (DMI) in Transition period DMI kg Days beforecalving

  15. Relationshipbetween Dry Matter Intake(DMI) beforcalvingandfeatures in earlyLactation Feed intake in the last kg DMI bodybody DMI per 100 week bevor calving per dayweight kg fat mm kg bodyweight 20% „besteater“ 15,9 740 20,8 2,1 Average (270 cows) 11,9 714 20,5 1,7 20% „badeater“ 7,8 716 20,4 1,1

  16. Relationshipbetween Dry Matter Intake(DMI) beforcalvingandfeatures in earlyLactation Feed intake in the last kg DMI in thefirst 100 daysoflactation week bevor calving per day milk kgfat%protein% cullings 20% „besteater“ 15,9 48,2 4,06 3,18 0 Average (270 cows) 11,9 45,6 4,05 3,15 10% 20% „badeater“ 7,8 42,0 4,06 3,15 23%

  17. Relationshipbetween Dry Matter Intake(DMI) beforcalvingandfeatures in earlyLactation Feed intake in the last Fertility / Reproduction week bevor calving Insemination Pregnantdays open Insemination Index 20% „besteater“ 100% 92% 142 2,4 Average (270 cows) 92% 83% 136 2,5 20% „badeater“ 79% 75% 147 2,9

  18. Forage Quality – mostimportant Farm Factor: Energyconcentration, orbetter: Quality andquantityoffibre, ifyoudon´tmeetthestandardsin forageproduction, youmayhave a milk productionfromconcentrates, but youngdyingcows. Dry matter intake (DMI)

  19. Goals in forageQuality: DM Content fitstheforage material, forexampel: Cornsilagebetween 30 – 35 % DM Gras silagebetween 35 - 45 % DM no Silage withoutinoculants maximumpacking Cover correctwithplastics heatandmoldprocesses – losingenergyandfeedintake Dry matter intake (DMI)

  20. DMI isbased on bodyweightandespecally on thelevelof milk production. Forclose-upandfreshcowsavoidfatlevelsover 5%, that will immediatelyreducefeedintake Total rationmoisturefromfermentedfeedsunder 55%, otherwisefeedintakedeclines 3-5 % (not Pasture) Ensurethatthecowsareremovedfromfeedfor max. 4 hours per day (milkingarea, holdingarea) Dry matter intake (DMI)

  21. Forages min. 6,0 MJ NEL ADF shouldrangefrom 19 – 21 percent NDF shouldrangefrom 28 – 33 percent NFC shouldrangefrom 33 – 38 percent Crude Protein not lessthan16,0 percent nXP not lessthan 15,5 percent Dry matter intake (DMI)

  22. PreventcowsfromseperatingandselectingpreferredfeedingredientsPreventcowsfromseperatingandselectingpreferredfeedingredients 2 upto 5 percentweightback ofuneatenfeed Total ration dry matter from 40 – 45 percent Fatlimitfor high producingcows 6 percent Dry cows not over BCS 4 Keep feed in front ofcows Dry matter intake (DMI)

  23. Requirementsandrecommodations Calculation 1.0

  24. Requirementsandrecommodations Calculation 2.0 • withenergyandcrudeProtein (XP) • upto 8.000 kg milk ? • highercosts ? • rumenhealth (structure) ?

  25. Requirementsandrecommodations Calculation 3.0 • ADF / NDF / NFC forstructureandfiber • undegradeblestarch

  26. Requirementsandrecommodations Calculation 3.1 • ADF / NDF / NFC forstructureandfiber • undegradeblestarch • Protein withnXP Protein for Rumen bugsandsmallintestine

  27. Requirementsandrecommodations comingsoon Calculation 4.0 • fermentable Protein andCarbohydrates • AminoAcids, deliveringtosmallintestine • glucogenicnutrients

  28. Requirementsandrecommodations • Calculation 3.1 nXP • calculatestheefficiency in rumenbacteriaandmicrobes • microbial Protein delivers 70% ofthe Protein • UnDegradebleProtein in the Rumen – directtosmallintestine

  29. nXP, RNB und UDP 100% 75% WISAN Raps 38:62 50% compoundfeed60:40 25% ideal line70:30 silage80:20 rumen smallintestine

  30. Requirementsandrecommodations calculate Protein after nXPmeans: • higher milk yields • lessprotein in theration • lessfeedcosts • healthiercows • (Environment)

  31. Protein quality Soybeanmeal / Rapeseedmeal vs. Wisanrapeseed

  32. Rapeseedmeal

  33. Soybeanmeal

  34. „protectedrapeseedmeal“ (Wisan)

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