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Understanding Metamorphic Rocks: Formation, Types, and Textures

Learn about how rocks transform through heat, pressure, and fluid activity into new forms, such as slate, phyllite, and gneiss. Explore types of metamorphism and textures like foliated and non-foliated. Discover the characteristics of marble and quartzite in this educational guide.

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Understanding Metamorphic Rocks: Formation, Types, and Textures

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  1. Metamorphic Rocks Formation and Characteristics

  2. Metamorphic Rocks “Meta” means change (Greek) “Morph” means form (Greek) A rock that has been changed from its original form (parent rock) by heat, pressure, and fluid activity into a new form (daughter rock).

  3. Types of Metamorphism Contact – caused by proximity to igneous activity. Heat causes minerals to recrystallize but not melt. Dynamic – associated with faults and earthquake zones Regional – Caused by tremendous pressures associated with plate tectonics. Deep burial.

  4. Progression of Metamorphism Start with a shale and then hit it with heat and pressure! More Heat & Pressure

  5. Shale (Sedimentary Rock) Heat & Pressure Slate (Metamorphic Rock)

  6. Slate (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock)

  7. Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure Schist (Metamorphic Rock)

  8. With even more heat & pressure(High-Grade Metamorphism) … you end up with something that is really Gneiss!

  9. Metamorphic Textures • Foliated • “Folios” means page, or leaf-like • Rock has distinct layers • Often not smooth layers like sedimentary rock • Formed under direct pressure (ex. Pushing down) • Non-foliated • No distinct layers • Often a massive crystalline structure • Formed under uniform pressure (all directions)

  10. Foliated Texture

  11. Non-foliated Rocks Marble: • - metamorphosed limestone Quartzite: Quartzite: • • - - metamorphosed metamorphosed quartz sandstone quartz sandstone

  12. Summary • Rocks whose form is changed by temperature and pressure. • 3 different types • Contact • Dynamic • Regional • 2 Textures • Foliated • Non-foliated • More temperature and pressure = more changes

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