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Plant Propagation Facility

Plant Propagation Facility. Types of Structures Environmental Modifications Cultural Procedures Propagation Facility Recommendations. Propagation Structures. Propagation requires controlled environment: Light Temperature Moisture Gasses (CO 2 , O 2 ) Types of Propagation Facility

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Plant Propagation Facility

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  1. Plant Propagation Facility • Types of Structures • Environmental Modifications • Cultural Procedures • Propagation Facility • Recommendations

  2. Propagation Structures • Propagation requires controlled environment: • Light • Temperature • Moisture • Gasses (CO2, O2) • Types of Propagation Facility • Cold Frames • Hotbeds • Greenhouses • Shade Houses

  3. Cold Frames • Semi-controlled environment • Used for hardening seedlings and rooted cuttings • Can also be used for vernalizing herbaceous perennials

  4. Hotbeds • Small, low structures for minimum environmental control • Some bottom-heated: Use of electrical cables, hot water, stream • Heat from organic waste (manure, straw) was used earlier days • Possible problems: • Seedling damping-off (Pythium, Rhizoctonia) • Complete control of temperature difficult

  5. Structural Designs of Greenhouse 1. Lean-to Greenhouses 2. Single Span Greenhouses - Even-span greenhouses - Uneven-span greenhouses - Arch or curvilinear greenhouses 3. Ridge-and-Furrow Greenhouses - Gutter connected multi-span greenhouses

  6. 1. Lean-to Greenhouses Build against a side of an existing building Advantages: Less heating costs Easy access to harvesting crops Disadvantages: Humid air into the house Chemical spray health hazard (use biological control)

  7. Earlier Greenhouses Modern Greenhouses

  8. 2. Single-Span Greenhouses

  9. Standard Single-Span Greenhouses

  10. Ridge and Furrow Greenhouse

  11. Environmental Controls Temperature Light (Intensity, Duration) Plant Nutrition Humidity 5. Carbon Dioxide Concentration 6. Insect and Disease Control

  12. Pad and Fan Evaporative Cooling System

  13. Lighting for Photosynthesis

  14. Influence of Photoperiod on Flowering

  15. Spectral Distribution of Various Lamps

  16. Soil and Growing Media Four Components of Soil

  17. Adjustment of Soil pH • To raise soil pH • Ground limestone (CaCO3) • Dolomitic lime (mixture of CaCO3 + MgCO3) • Gypsum (CaSO4) • To lower soil pH • Sulfur powder (S) • Aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] • Iron Sulfate (FeSO4) • For solution, use: • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4 ------------► 2H+ + SO4-2) • Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4 ------------► 3H+ + PO4-3) • Nitric Acid (HNO3 ------------► H+ + NO3-)

  18. 1. Soil Amendments • Inorganic components Sand: low water-holding, low CEC, heavy, size varies used as inert medium Vermiculite: expanded mica mineral high water-holding, good CEC, high buffering Perlite: heated, popped volcanic rock (inert) very light, no CEC, no buffering or nutrient holding Calcined Clay: baked montmorlillonite clay, aggregate particles heavy, durable, high CEC Pumice: Crushed volcanic rock (inert) low water-holding, low CEC

  19. Using Soil in Growing Media • Heavy Texture Soil Use: 1 part clay loam 2 parts organic matter 2 parts coarse aggregate (amendments) b. Medium Texture Soil Use: 1 part silty loam 1 part organic matter 1 part coarse aggregate (amendments) c. Light Texture Soil Use: 1 part sandy loam 1 part organic matter

  20. Artificial Growing Media • The UC Mixes Mix A: 100% sand + 0% peat Mix B: 75% sand + 25% peat Mix C: 50% sand + 50% peat Mix D: 25% sand + 75% peat Mix E: 0% sand + 100% peat - All contain base fertilizers - Used mainly for nursery crops (more popular in California) b. Cornell Mixes (Peat-Lite Mix, Soil-less Mix) Mix A: 1 part sphagnum peat 1 part vermiculite Mix B: 1 part sphagnum peat 1 part perlite Foliage Plant Mix: 2 parts sphagnum peat 1 part vermiculite 1 part perlite - All mixes contain base fertilizers - Standardized with reproducible results - Extensively used for greenhouse crops

  21. Greenhouse Uses

  22. Water-Holding CharacteristicsInfluenced by Container Height

  23. Fertilizer Application • Preplant Application -Lime, sulfur, superphosphate, gypsum, dolomite 2.Dry Application - Fertilizers with solubility <20 g/100 ml - Top dressing - Do not apply lime with phosphorus 3. Liquid Feeding - Use soluble fertilizers - Constant feeding vs intermittent feeding

  24. Fertilizer Application

  25. Blossom End Rot of TomatoCalcium Deficiency Right-Hydroponic tomatoes grown in the greenhouse, Left-Blossom end rot of tomato fruits induced by calcium (Ca++) deficiency

  26. Purification of Water • Filtration • Reverse Osmosis (RO water) • Distillation (DI water)

  27. Fluctuation of CO2 ConcentrationInside a Greenhouse in One Day

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