Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

1. Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

2. In this chapter you will • Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. • Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities. • Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.

3. In this chapter you will • Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body. • Identify meanings for new word elements and use them to understand new medical terms.

4. Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)

6. Types of Cells (p. 36) Muscle cell Nerve cell Epithelial cell Fat cell

7. Tissues • A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job • Epithelial tissue – all tissues that cover the outside of the body and line the inner surfaces of internal organs. • Muscle Tissue • Connective tissue – fat, cartilage, bone, blood. • Nerve tissue

9. Organs • Structures composed of several kinds of tissue • Heart • Stomach • Viscera: internal organs

10. Systems • Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions • Cardiovascular System • Digestive System

11. 1. Cranial Cavity – page 39 • Brain • Pituitary gland Cranial Cavity

12. 2. Thoracic Cavity – page 39 • Pleural Cavity • Lungs • Mediastinum • Heart • Esophagus • Trachea • Bronchial tubes • Thymus gland • Aorta Thoracic Cavity

13. Diaphragm • separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

14. 3. Abdominal Cavity – page 39 • Stomach • Small and large intestines • Spleen • Pancreas • Liver • Gallbladder Abdominal Cavity

15. 4. Pelvic Cavity – page 39 • Portions of the small and large intestines • Rectum • Organs of the urinary system • Organs of the reproductive system Pelvic Cavity

16. 5. Spinal Cavity – page 39 • Nerves of the spinal cord Spinal Cavity

17. Dorsal (posterior) Cavities • Cavities in the back of the body • Cranial • Spinal

18. Ventral (anterior) Cavities • Cavities in the front of the body • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic

19. Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44) • R&L Hypochondriac • Epigastric • R&L Lumbar • Umbilical • R&L Inguinal • Hyopgastric

20. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Right Upper • Gallbaldder • Liver • Right lobe • Parts of • Pancreas • Small Intestines • Large Intestines

21. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Left Upper • Stomach • Liver • Left lobe • Parts of • Pancreas • Small Intestines • Large Intestines

22. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Right Lower • R ovary • R fallopian tube • Appendix • R ureter • Parts of • Small Intestine • Large Intestine

23. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Left Lower • L ovary • L fallopian tube • L ureter • Parts of • Small Intestine • Large Intestine

24. Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46) Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5) Coccygeal (4)

25. Positional and Directional Terms (p. 48)

26. Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)

27. Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane • Vertical plane • Divides the body into • anterior • posterior Frontal (Coronal) Plane

28. 2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane • Vertical plane • Divides the body or structure into • right side • left side Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

29. 3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane • Horizontal plane • Divides the body or structure into • upper half • lower half Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane

30. Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Pages 50-53

31. abdominal • abdomin/o: abdomen • -al • Pertaining to the abdomen

32. adipose • adip/o: fat • -ose: pertaining to • Pertaining to fat

33. anterior • anter/o: front • -ior: pertaining to • Pertaining to the front

34. anabolism • ana-: up • bol/o: to cast (throw) • -ism: process • Process of casting up • The building-up or synthesizing process in a cell.

35. cervical • cervic/o: neck • -al • Pertaining to the neck

36. chondroma • chondr/o: cartilage • -oma • Tumor of cartilage • Benign

37. chondrosarcoma • chondr/o • Sarc/o: flesh • -oma • Flesh tumor of cartilage • Malignant

38. chrom/o: color -some: body Color bodies They absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell Contain genetic material Located in the nucleus chromosomes

39. coccygeal • coccyg/o: coccyx • -al • Pertaining to the Coccyx (tailbone)

40. craniotomy • crani/o: skull • -tomy • Incision of the skull

41. cytoplasm • cyt/o • -plasm: formation • Formation (contents) of the cell

42. distal • dist/o: far, distant • -al • Pertaining to far • From the beginning of a structure

43. dorsal • dors/o: back • -al • Pertaining to the back

44. histology • hist/o: tissue • -logy • Study of tissues

45. iliac • ili/o: ilium • -ac • Pertaining to the ilium, part of the pelvic bone.

46. inguinal • inguin/o: groin • -al • Pertaining to the groin

47. karyotype • kary/o: nucleus • -type: classification, picture • Picture or classification of the nucleus • And its chromosomes

48. lateral • later/o: side • -al • Pertaining to the side

49. lumbosacral • lumb/o: lower back • sacr/o: sacrum • -al • Pertaining to the lower back and sacrum

50. medial • medi/o: middle • -al • Pertaining to the middle