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Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole. In this chapter you will. Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities.
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In this chapter you will • Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. • Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities. • Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.
In this chapter you will • Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body. • Identify meanings for new word elements and use them to understand new medical terms.
Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)
Types of Cells (p. 36) Muscle cell Nerve cell Epithelial cell Fat cell
Tissues • A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job • Epithelial tissue – all tissues that cover the outside of the body and line the inner surfaces of internal organs. • Muscle Tissue • Connective tissue – fat, cartilage, bone, blood. • Nerve tissue
Organs • Structures composed of several kinds of tissue • Heart • Stomach • Viscera: internal organs
Systems • Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions • Cardiovascular System • Digestive System
1. Cranial Cavity – page 39 • Brain • Pituitary gland Cranial Cavity
2. Thoracic Cavity – page 39 • Pleural Cavity • Lungs • Mediastinum • Heart • Esophagus • Trachea • Bronchial tubes • Thymus gland • Aorta Thoracic Cavity
Diaphragm • separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
3. Abdominal Cavity – page 39 • Stomach • Small and large intestines • Spleen • Pancreas • Liver • Gallbladder Abdominal Cavity
4. Pelvic Cavity – page 39 • Portions of the small and large intestines • Rectum • Organs of the urinary system • Organs of the reproductive system Pelvic Cavity
5. Spinal Cavity – page 39 • Nerves of the spinal cord Spinal Cavity
Dorsal (posterior) Cavities • Cavities in the back of the body • Cranial • Spinal
Ventral (anterior) Cavities • Cavities in the front of the body • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic
Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44) • R&L Hypochondriac • Epigastric • R&L Lumbar • Umbilical • R&L Inguinal • Hyopgastric
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Right Upper • Gallbaldder • Liver • Right lobe • Parts of • Pancreas • Small Intestines • Large Intestines
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Left Upper • Stomach • Liver • Left lobe • Parts of • Pancreas • Small Intestines • Large Intestines
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Right Lower • R ovary • R fallopian tube • Appendix • R ureter • Parts of • Small Intestine • Large Intestine
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45) • Left Lower • L ovary • L fallopian tube • L ureter • Parts of • Small Intestine • Large Intestine
Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46) Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5) Coccygeal (4)
Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane • Vertical plane • Divides the body into • anterior • posterior Frontal (Coronal) Plane
2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane • Vertical plane • Divides the body or structure into • right side • left side Sagittal (Lateral) Plane
3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane • Horizontal plane • Divides the body or structure into • upper half • lower half Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane
Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Pages 50-53
abdominal • abdomin/o: abdomen • -al • Pertaining to the abdomen
adipose • adip/o: fat • -ose: pertaining to • Pertaining to fat
anterior • anter/o: front • -ior: pertaining to • Pertaining to the front
anabolism • ana-: up • bol/o: to cast (throw) • -ism: process • Process of casting up • The building-up or synthesizing process in a cell.
cervical • cervic/o: neck • -al • Pertaining to the neck
chondroma • chondr/o: cartilage • -oma • Tumor of cartilage • Benign
chondrosarcoma • chondr/o • Sarc/o: flesh • -oma • Flesh tumor of cartilage • Malignant
chrom/o: color -some: body Color bodies They absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell Contain genetic material Located in the nucleus chromosomes
coccygeal • coccyg/o: coccyx • -al • Pertaining to the Coccyx (tailbone)
craniotomy • crani/o: skull • -tomy • Incision of the skull
cytoplasm • cyt/o • -plasm: formation • Formation (contents) of the cell
distal • dist/o: far, distant • -al • Pertaining to far • From the beginning of a structure
dorsal • dors/o: back • -al • Pertaining to the back
histology • hist/o: tissue • -logy • Study of tissues
iliac • ili/o: ilium • -ac • Pertaining to the ilium, part of the pelvic bone.
inguinal • inguin/o: groin • -al • Pertaining to the groin
karyotype • kary/o: nucleus • -type: classification, picture • Picture or classification of the nucleus • And its chromosomes
lateral • later/o: side • -al • Pertaining to the side
lumbosacral • lumb/o: lower back • sacr/o: sacrum • -al • Pertaining to the lower back and sacrum
medial • medi/o: middle • -al • Pertaining to the middle