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SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Learn how to calculate answers using significant figures with ease and speed. Understand the rules for adding/subtracting and multiplying/dividing. Use the least accurate measurement for addition/subtraction and count significant figures for multiplication/division.

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SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

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  1. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES How to Calculate Answers using Significant Figures

  2. IT’S EASY! IT’S FAST! • Two Rules are used: • One for Adding & Subtracting • One for Multiplying & Dividing

  3. When adding or subtracting • Note accuracy of measurements (nearest .1? .01? .001?) • Answer can be no more accurate than the LEAST accurate number that was used to calculate it.

  4. For Example: 5.50 grams + 8.6 grams -------- 14.1 grams

  5. OR 52.09 ml - 49.7 ml ------------- 2.39 ml --> 2.4 ml

  6. When multiplying or dividing • You must COUNT significant figures • The answer can have only AS MANY significant figures as the LEAST of the numbers used to get it

  7. Multiplication /Division • 5.058 x 3.20

  8. Multiplication /Division • 5.058cm x 3.20cm =16.1856cm2

  9. Multiplication /Division • 5.058cm x 3.20cm =16.1856 cm2 = 16.2cm2

  10. Now let’s do some math.....(round answers to correct sig figs!) 5.0033 g + 1.55 g • answer: 6.55 g Did you need to count sig figs? NO!

  11. Try this one.... 4.80 ml - .0015 ml • answer: 4.80 ml (one might say .0015 isinsignificant COMPARED TO 4.80)

  12. Now try these... 5.0033 g / 5.0 ml • answer: 1.0 g/ml Did you have to count sig figs? • YES!

  13. Here’s a tougher one..... 3.0 m/s x 60 s/min x 60 min/hr = • answer: 10800 m/hr --> 11000 m/hr Note: standard conversion factors never limit significant figures-- instruments and equipment do.

  14. THAT’S ALL THERE IS TO IT! • Use least accurate measurement when adding and subtracting • Count sig figs when multiplying and dividing

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