Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination

1. Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination Chapter 4-7 Review

2. Chapter 4-7 Review Stereotype __________ is the extent to which a stereotype is accessible in one’s mind. application knowledge activation assessment

3. Chapter 4-7 Review Stereotype __________ is the extent to which a stereotype is accessible in one’s mind. application knowledge Activation assessment (p. 114)

4. Chapter 4-7 Review The first step in the stereotype application process is __________. assessment of stereotype content categorizing a person as a member of a stereotyped group prototyping a person activation of the stereotype

5. Chapter 4-7 Review The first step in the stereotype application process is __________. assessment of stereotype content categorizing a person as a member of a stereotyped group prototyping a person activation of the stereotype (p. 115)

6. Chapter 4-7 Review Compared to nonprejudiced people, racially prejudiced people are less likely to engage in ingroup overexclusion. categorize people by race more quickly. make more categorization errors based on others’ gender. are motivated to accurately classify other people on the basis of race.

7. Chapter 4-7 Review Compared to nonprejudiced people, racially prejudiced people are less likely to engage in ingroup overexclusion. categorize people by race more quickly. make more categorization errors based on others’ gender. are motivated to accurately classify other people on the basis of race. pp. 117-118

8. Chapter 4-7 Review Which of the following has been demonstrated by research on stereotype activation? Positive stereotypes are rarely activated. Priming does not result in stereotype activation. Stereotype activation is more likely when perceivers are cognitively busy. Stereotype activation is more likely when people see a prototypical group member.

9. Chapter 4-7 Review Which of the following has been demonstrated by research on stereotype activation? Positive stereotypes are rarely activated. Priming does not result in stereotype activation. Stereotype activation is more likely when perceivers are cognitively busy. Stereotype activation is more likely when people see a prototypical group member. (pp. 120-122)

10. Chapter 4-7 Review • Klaus is motivated to maintain a positive self-image and because of this tends to see others in a negative light. Doing so fulfills a __________ goal. • self-enhancement • social adjustment • comprehension • ingroup overexclusion

11. Chapter 4-7 Review • Klaus is motivated to maintain a positive self-image and because of this tends to see others in a negative light. Doing so fulfills a __________ goal. • self-enhancement • social adjustment • comprehension • ingroup overexclusion • p. 127

12. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is a social adjustment motive? • the desire to avoid acting in a prejudiced manner • the need to understand why events happen • the need to see oneself in a positive light • the desire to follow the rules of behavior for a situation

13. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is a social adjustment motive? • the desire to avoid acting in a prejudiced manner • the need to understand why events happen • the need to see oneself in a positive light • the desire to follow the rules of behavior for a situation • p. 127

14. Chapter 4-7 Review In situations where a stereotype has been activated, which of the following is true about stereotype application? • Perceivers can more successfully control their non-verbal reactions than their verbal reactions. • Motivated perceivers can always inhibit stereotype application. • Stereotype application is always a conscious process. • Stereotype application is inhibited only when the perceiver is motivated to do so.

15. Chapter 4-7 Review In situations where a stereotype has been activated, which of the following is true about stereotype application? • Perceivers can more successfully control their non-verbal reactions than their verbal reactions. • Motivated perceivers can always inhibit stereotype application. • Stereotype application is always a conscious process. • Stereotype application is inhibited only when the perceiver is motivated to do so. (p.130)

16. Chapter 4-7 Review • Under what conditions are stereotypes likely to persist, even in the face of individuating information? • when new information about the other person confirms the perceiver’s original stereotypic beliefs • when the perceiver is motivated to be accurate • when the other person’s behavior is clearly stereotype disconfirming • when the perceiver has interacted with the other person many times

17. Chapter 4-7 Review • Under what conditions are stereotypes likely to persist, even in the face of individuating information? • when new information about the other person confirms the perceiver’s original stereotypic beliefs • when the perceiver is motivated to be accurate • when the other person’s behavior is clearly stereotype disconfirming • when the perceiver has interacted with the other person many times (pp. 132-134)

18. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a component of modern racism? • denial of continuing discrimination • antagonism toward African Americans’ demands • overt expressions of prejudice • resentment over “special favors” given to African Americans

19. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a component of modern racism? • denial of continuing discrimination • antagonism toward African Americans’ demands • overt expressions of prejudice • resentment over “special favors” given to African Americans pp. 162-163

20. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following research findings illustrates the continuation of prejudice in today’s society? • Whites and Blacks are equally satisfied with how ethnic minorities are currently treated. • The majority of women in college have experienced sexist behavior. • Today’s Black college students often observe non-verbal discrimination, but rarely hear verbal expressions of prejudice. • The majority of Whites express a willingness to date a Black person.

21. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following research findings illustrates the continuation of prejudice in today’s society? • Whites and Blacks are equally satisfied with how ethnic minorities are currently treated. • The majority of women in college have experienced sexist behavior. • Today’s Black college students often observe non-verbal discrimination, but rarely hear verbal expressions of prejudice. • The majority of Whites express a willingness to date a Black person. • pp. 165-166

22. Chapter 4-7 Review • A key tenet of the theory of symbolic prejudice is that anti-Black prejudice is based on • the belief that Black people are inherently inferior to White people. • beliefs about Blacks as an abstract group rather than from direct experiences with Black people. • a feeling of indifference toward Black people. • conflicting emotions about Black people.

23. Chapter 4-7 Review • A key tenet of the theory of symbolic prejudice is that anti-Black prejudice is based on • the belief that Black people are inherently inferior to White people. • beliefs about Blacks as an abstract group rather than from direct experiences with Black people. • a feeling of indifference toward Black people. • conflicting emotions about Black people. p. 170

24. Chapter 4-7 Review • An individual who endorses the belief system of modern-symbolic prejudice is least likely to make which of the following statements? • If Blacks worked as hard as Whites and other minority groups, they could raise their standard of living. • Racial prejudice is a thing of the past. • Blacks get a larger share of the economic pie than they deserve. • Government programs favoring Blacks and other minorities are still needed to overcome race-based discrimination.

25. Chapter 4-7 Review • An individual who endorses the belief system of modern-symbolic prejudice is least likely to make which of the following statements? • If Blacks worked as hard as Whites and other minority groups, they could raise their standard of living. • Racial prejudice is a thing of the past. • Blacks get a larger share of the economic pie than they deserve. • Government programs favoring Blacks and other minorities are still needed to overcome race-based discrimination. pp. 171-172

26. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which emotion is most likely experienced by people with modern-symbolic prejudice when interacting with members of minority groups? • anxiety • hate • hostility • liking

27. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which emotion is most likely experienced by people with modern-symbolic prejudice when interacting with members of minority groups? • anxiety • hate • hostility • liking p. 173

28. Chapter 4-7 Review • People with modern-symbolic prejudice • believe that all races endorse traditional American values. • believe that government intervention is necessary to ensure equality of outcomes. • support affirmative action programs as a remedy for past discrimination. • have little personal knowledge of Black people.

29. Chapter 4-7 Review • People with modern-symbolic prejudice • believe that all races endorse traditional American values. • believe that government intervention is necessary to ensure equality of outcomes. • support affirmative action programs as a remedy for past discrimination. • have little personal knowledge of Black people. pp. 175-176

30. Chapter 4-7 Review • _________ is the belief that government should ensure that everyone should receive an equal share of society’s resources. • Equality of opportunity • Equality of outcome • Group self-interest • Group privilege

31. Chapter 4-7 Review • _________ is the belief that government should ensure that everyone should receive an equal share of society’s resources. • Equality of opportunity • Equality of outcome • Group self-interest • Group privilege p. 175

32. Chapter 4-7 Review • Theodor Adorno and his colleagues hypothesized that the Holocaust could be explained by large numbers of people • accepting that if they did not cooperate with the genocide, they too would be killed. • believing that biology is destiny and the races needed to be purified. • being engaged in unthinking acceptance of authority. • believing that intergroup conflict could not be otherwise resolved.

33. Chapter 4-7 Review • Theodor Adorno and his colleagues hypothesized that the Holocaust could be explained by large numbers of people • accepting that if they did not cooperate with the genocide, they too would be killed. • believing that biology is destiny and the races needed to be purified. • being engaged in unthinking acceptance of authority. • believing that intergroup conflict could not be otherwise resolved. p. 210

34. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a pattern of thought characteristic of those with an authoritarian personality? • conventionalism • projectivity • flexibility • authoritarian submission

35. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a pattern of thought characteristic of those with an authoritarian personality? • conventionalism • projectivity • flexibility • authoritarian submission pp. 210-211

36. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a characteristic of people who are high in right-wing authoritarianism? • doing and thinking what authority figures tell one to do and think • desiring that one’s ingroup dominate and be superior to other groups • being aggressive toward people and groups condemned by authority figures • adhering to traditional values and social norms

37. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following is not a characteristic of people who are high in right-wing authoritarianism? • doing and thinking what authority figures tell one to do and think • desiring that one’s ingroup dominate and be superior to other groups • being aggressive toward people and groups condemned by authority figures • adhering to traditional values and social norms p. 212

38. Chapter 4-7 Review • “What our country really needs is a strong, determined leader who will crush evil, and take us back to our true path.” This item represents the ________ component of right-wing authoritarianism. • stereotypy • authoritarian submission • authoritarian aggression • conventionalism

39. Chapter 4-7 Review • “What our country really needs is a strong, determined leader who will crush evil, and take us back to our true path.” This item represents the ________ component of right-wing authoritarianism. • stereotypy • authoritarian submission • authoritarian aggression • conventionalism p. 212

40. Chapter 4-7 Review • People high in social dominance orientation • are prejudiced against those who support the status quo. • are competitive and ruthless. • reject a society’s legitimizing myths. • believe there is enough for everyone.

41. Chapter 4-7 Review • People high in social dominance orientation • are prejudiced against those who support the status quo. • are competitive and ruthless. • reject a society’s legitimizing myths. • believe there is enough for everyone. pp. 216-217

42. Chapter 4-7 Review • _________ are sets of attitudes and beliefs that are used to justify one’s dominant position in society. • Authoritarian beliefs • Social justice tenets • Self-enhancement myths • Legitimizing myths

43. Chapter 4-7 Review • _________ are sets of attitudes and beliefs that are used to justify one’s dominant position in society. • Authoritarian beliefs • Social justice tenets • Self-enhancement myths • Legitimizing myths p. 216

44. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following would not be a legitimizing myth in social dominance theory? • Lesbians and gay men deserve equal employment opportunity. • Feminists undermine traditional American values. • Poor people are unintelligent. • Blacks are lazy.

45. Chapter 4-7 Review • Which of the following would not be a legitimizing myth in social dominance theory? • Lesbians and gay men deserve equal employment opportunity. • Feminists undermine traditional American values. • Poor people are unintelligent. • Blacks are lazy. p. 216

46. Chapter 4-7 Review • Dr. Developmental presented an infant with a photo of a woman repeatedly until the infant got used to the photo. The researcher than simultaneously showed the infant the old photo and a photo of a new woman. Dr. Developmental could conclude that the infant can discriminate between the two photos if the infant • looks at both pictures for the same amount of time. • refuses to look at either picture. • looks at the old photo longer than the new photo. • looks at the new photo longer than the old photo.

47. Chapter 4-7 Review • Dr. Developmental presented an infant with a photo of a woman repeatedly until the infant got used to the photo. The researcher than simultaneously showed the infant the old photo and a photo of a new woman. Dr. Developmental could conclude that the infant can discriminate between the two photos if the infant • looks at both pictures for the same amount of time. • refuses to look at either picture. • looks at the old photo longer than the new photo. • looks at the new photo longer than the old photo. • p. 264

48. Chapter 4-7 Review • By what age can most children correctly classify people as male or female? • two months • six to 9 months • one year • three years

49. Chapter 4-7 Review • By what age can most children correctly classify people as male or female? • two months • six to 9 months • one year • three years p. 266

50. Chapter 4-7 Review • The finding that children are implicitly aware of social categories at an early age suggests that • the influence of parental socialization begins at a very young age. • the propensity to organize the social world in meaningful ways is innate. • the influence of parental socialization cannot be meaningfully separated from innate influences on the propensity to develop such categories. • young infants who are exposed to the media are more likely to be implicitly aware of social categories than those who are not.