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The Essential Pathway: Hexose Monophosphate Pentose Phosphate

Explore the essential Hexose Monophosphate Pentose Phosphate Pathway (HMP) and its significance in providing NADPH for reductive biosynthesis. Learn how this pathway generates ATP and NADPH for crucial biological functions, with a focus on oxidative and nonoxidative reactions. Understand the control mechanisms and importance of NADPH in sustaining cellular processes.

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The Essential Pathway: Hexose Monophosphate Pentose Phosphate

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  1. Hexose Monophosphate

  2. Hexose Monophosphate Pentose Phosphate Pathway • Glycolysis, TCA, and oxidative phosphorylation are primarily concerned with the generation of ATP. • The PPP meets the need of all organisms for a source of NADPH to use in reductive biosynthesis. • The reducing power is NADPH. • There is a fundamental distinction NADH  NADPH  The direction of HMP depends on the supply and demand for intermediates in the cycle…

  3. Two Major Functions • NADPH • Ribose Overall reaction: 3G-6-P + 6NADP+ 3CO2 + 2G-6-P + Glyceraldehyde-3P + 6NADPH + 6H+ • It occurs in the cytosol because NADP+ is used as a hydrogen acceptor. There are two sequential reactions. • Oxidative • Nonoxidative

  4. Oxidative and Nonoxidative Reactions • In oxidative, G-6-P undergoes dehydrogenation and decarboxylation to give a pentose ribulose-5-P. • In nonoxidative, ribulose 5-P is converted back to G-6-P by a series of reactions involving two enzymes • Transketolase • Transaldolase • Dehydrogenation of G-6-P is the major biological control of the HMP. • G-6-PD is strongly inhibited by NADPH.

  5. Oxidative Branch

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