OUTLINE

1. Applications of Radioactive Ion Beams to Nuclear Physics, Medical and Material Sciences @ CERN-ISOLDE Facility Foro:Producción de Radioisótopos con Aceleradores de Partículas y sus Aplicaciones en Medicina Nuclear, Procesos Biológicos, Física y Química de Materiales February 16, 2015, Mexico City, Mexico Yacine.Kadi@cern.ch

2. OUTLINE • ISOLDE Facility • Physics Reach • Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

3. ISOLDE Facility at CERN

4. ISOLDE overall Layout cryogenics cooling target zone ventilation RF REX beam from PSB SC LINAC HIE- ISOLDE ISOLDE experimental beam lines

5. ISOLDE: the ISOL-type RIB facility Pulsed 1.4 GeV Proton beam

6. Target Target Converter Standard Converter Target

7. ISOLDE TODAY OFFERS THE LARGEST RANGE OF AVAILABLE ISOTOPES WORLDWIDE

8. OUTLINE • ISOLDE Facility • Physics Reach • Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

10. NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS X-ray bursts (rp-process) Supernovae (r-process) • Dominated by (p,g) and (a,p) reactions • Direct (p,g) or (3He,d)/(d,n) as surrogate of (p,g) • (p,a) as inverse of (a,p) in proton-rich nuclei Dominated by (n,g) reactions - r-process pathway largely unknown - understanding of shell evolution important (d,p) as surrogate of (n,g) (J. Cizewski et al. NIMB 261 (2007) 938) Measurement of global properties such as the mass and lifetime far away from stability

11. ISOLTRAP: principle Determination of nuclear mass by measuring the cyclotron frequency: Ions are trapped in crossed magnetic and electric field The frequency of their motion is proportional to their mass • A=100, B=6T • +  1 MHz • -  1 kHz • z  44 kHz

12. Combining high resolution nature of collinear beams method with high sensitivity of in-source spectroscopy. Allowing extraction of B factors and quadrupole moments.

13. PIONEERING STUDY OF 14O(,P) 17F IN TIME REVERSE KINEMATICS IS424 MINIBALL 17F @ 2.4 MeV/u on (CH2)n CD detector beam • Key resonance identified using CD + Miniball systems • Tuneable energies required to apply time reverse technique to other key X-ray burster reactions eg 34Ar(α,p)37K

14. Breakdown of SSP & Bio Experiments @ ISOLDE

15. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments Most experiments done offline. Collections made of ~ 1011 atoms. Pictured is the “workhorse” collection chamber. If half-lives < 1 day then experiments usually done at ISOLDE; otherwise can be shipped to home institutes.

16. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments Online diffusion chamber: • High-vacuum chamber for tracer diffusion measurements has been constructed. • Allows in-situ implantation, annealing, sectioning of the sample by ion-sputtering and measurement of sample • Changing of samples without breaking vacuum • Facilitates the study of radioactive isotopes for tracer diffusion studies with half-lives down to minutes.

17. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments Beta-NMR investigation of materials. Using polarised beams delivered from REX. Initially intended for biophysics, also possible for materials.

18. Recent Highlights I: New online Emission Channeling NEW pad-Si FAST 2D electron detector NEW cooling system down to 50K

19. Recent Highlights II: Multiferroic materials Local Correlations of Magnetic and Multiferroic Compounds NEW: Pr1-xCaxMnO3 Local probing of first-order dielectric phase transition below Tco PRL100, 155702 (2008) • …for the next 3 years: • TO BE STUDIED: • Local environment in multiferroic compounds • Manganites: R MnO3 ( R= Y, Lu, Ho,Tb, Dy ) • Nickelates: R NiO3 ( R= Y, Lu ) • TO BE STARTED: • Spin-driven ferroelectricity • Chromites: M CrO2 ( M= Cu, Ag) • Spinels: D Cr2X4, ( D= Cd, Hg, Co, Fe and X=O, S, Se) NEW: LaMnO3.12 Percolative transition on ferromagnetic insulator manganites: Unrelated to correlated polaron clusters PRB73, 100408 (2006) • What we can learn: • Competition between charge and orbital order • Local distortions, polaron correlations and magneto-structural effects 30 Oct. 2009

20. Zn4bE-Ec-1 (wheat) Recent Highlights III: Biophysics • Study areas: • Multiple metal ion binding sites in biomolecules • (DNA, RNA, MTs) • De novo designed proteins • Metal ion mediated protein folding & misfolding • In vivo PAC studies Molecular wires based on metal-modified nucleic acids Ag(I), Hg(II), and Pb(II) coordination environments in metallothioneins (MTs) • Aims: • Determining the coordination environments of Ag(I), Hg(II), and Pb(II) in the MT species formed by substitution of Zn(II) in several Zn-MT forms: Plant MTs and yeast CUP1 • Study different heavy metal/protein stoichiometries Structure? Johannsen, Paulus, Düpre, Müller, Sigel, J. Inorg. Biochem., 2008, 102, 1141-1151 30 Oct. 2009

21. Developments in Biophysics: nanoparticles & polarised beams LOI 81 –“Cleaning Water” Functionalization of magnetic Fe3O4 particles, namely by grafting dithiocarbamate (DTC) groups to the particles surface. Azurin – an example of a Cu(I)/Cu(II) dependent electron transporting protein • Cu(I)/Cu(II) are essential in many redox processes and electron transport in biology, e.g. in photosynthesis. • Cu(I) is “invisible” in most (except X-ray and nuclear) spectroscopic techniques: a closed shell ion • Measurements of spectroscopic properties (such as electric field gradients) for Cu(I) in proteins would have considerable impact in biophysics / bioinorganic chemistry • Other element of particular interest: Zn (Again, Zn(II) is a closed shell ion). 30 Oct. 2009

22. OUTLINE • ISOLDE Facility • Physics Reach • Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

23. 70kW UCx direct target Centro de Excelencia en Física Médica Nuclear proton 70 MeV 1mA Cyclotron 70 MeV, 1 mA 1+ Radio-Isotope Production Neutron Applications Ion Source Medical research ISOL target ISOL linac SCL RFQ Charge Breeder Nuclear Physics Experiments Atom trap experiment Low-Energy Experiments ISOL target & yield Fission Z-N Distribution

24. Thank you

25. RESEARCH @ ISOLDE