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A Little of This…A Little of That…. Chapter 10, Section 3-4 Notes. We Want You! Puerto Rico. Under Spanish control, Puerto Rico had self-rule…would that be the case with the U.S.? During Spanish-American War: U.S. put Puerto Rico under military rule
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A Little of This…A Little of That… Chapter 10, Section 3-4 Notes
We Want You! Puerto Rico • Under Spanish control, Puerto Rico had self-rule…would that be the case with the U.S.? • During Spanish-American War: U.S. put Puerto Rico under military rule • Foraker Act (1900): Ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government • U.S. stayed in Puerto Rico because they wanted to maintain a presence in the Caribbean and to protect a future canal that was to be built • Puerto Rico could only elect members of the lower house of its legislature (U.S. appointed governor and upper house) • In 1917, Puerto Ricans had the right to be U.S. citizens and elect both houses of the legislature
We Want You (to leave us alone) • In 1900, Cubans draw up a constitution for an independent Cuba, without stating the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba • The U.S. was kind enough to help the Cubans remember they were there through the Platt Amendment • Platt Amendment stated that: • Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or allow a foreign power to control any part of its territory • The U.S. could intervene in Cuba • Cuba could not go into debt • The U.S. could buy or lease land for naval and refueling stations • The U.S. told Cuba they could decide…but we would kindly keep our army in Cuba until they made their decision • After many protests, the Cuban government agreed when it was clear the U.S. wasn’t backing down and Cuba became a protectorate of the U.S. in 190-tree
We Want You! Philippines • The Filipinos were much more straightforward…they just denied U.S. occupation and went right to war • Emilio Aguinaldo revolted in February 1899 and the U.S. took Spain’s place as the group imposing its authority on a colony fighting for freedom • Aguinaldo wanted to win: he goes to guerrilla tactics • The U.S. wanted to win: they herd Filipinos into designated zones where poor sanitation, starvation, and disease killed thousands • This is exactly what the U.S. condemned Spain for in Cuba!
We Want You! Philippines • An interesting note: many of the 70,000 U.S. troops were African-American; when they were asked why they were helping to spread racial prejudice, some deserted and joined the Filipino side • The U.S. wins the war…at a price…20,000 Filipinos die; 4,000 Americans die…and the war costs $400 million…20 times the price the U.S. paid to purchase the islands! • U.S. gov’t sets up a similar gov’t to Puerto Rico: President picks a governor; governor appoints upper house of legislature; Filipinos elect lower house
China was important then too… • Yesterday (and a minute ago) we talked about how the U.S. tried to control the Philippines • Why did they care so much about the Philippines? • Answer: U.S. imperialists saw the Philippines as a gateway to the rest of Asia, especially China • China was seen as a market for U.S. products and gave U.S. investors a chance for more large-scale railroad construction
Why China? • China had simply been involved in too many foreign conflicts • France, Germany, Britain, Japan, Russia, Austria, and Italy all had a sphere of influence in a part of China where they had exclusive trading rights…the U.S. wanted in on the action too • U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, under Pres. McKinley, issued a series of policy statements to Empress TsuHsi called the Open Door notes (and commonly referred to as The Open Door Policy) • This would guarantee equal trading rights for all and prevent one nation from discriminating against another within its sphere, creating an “open door” • Basically, the U.S. didn’t want others to gain a monopoly in China • The nations replied that they liked the concept of the Open Door, but that they could not support or enforce it. Hay's plan had been politely rejected. • Nevertheless Hay announced that since all of the powers had accepted the Open Door in principle, the United States considered their agreement "final and definitive."
When Boxing and Martial Arts Meet… • There was a militant, anti-Imperialist segment of Chinese society who didn’t like the “foreign devils” in their country, called the Fists of Righteous Harmony • Westerners called them Boxers because they practiced martial arts (I don’t get it either…and seriously, why would you call someone Boxers when their name is as cool as the Fists of Righteous Harmony!) • The Boxers killed hundreds of Christian missionaries, other foreigners, and Chinese who converted to Christianity • The Boxers thought they had a magical power, and that foreign bullets could not harm them…I think you know where this is going… • For the rest of the story… • http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/fists.html
More Open Doors… • After the Boxer Rebellion, Hay issued more Open Door notes…what were the goals? • Americans believed the growth of the U.S. economy depended on exports • They felt the U.S. had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open • They feared the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. survival • This is so important because it becomes the heart of U.S. foreign policy and why we are an imperial nation
Remember that Farmer-Lovin’ Dude? • Election of 1900 pitted Republican incumbent McKinley vs. Democrat William Jennings Bryan, the former populist • The election was about imperialism: McKinley was the builder of an empire; Bryan opposed imperialism about as strongly as one could • McKinley wins, supporting his belief that the majority of Americans favored imperialism, and his policies would continue into his second term (until he was assassinated and Roosevelt took over)
Group Time! • Group Time…yeay! • Get into groups of tree (3); everyone must have a group today and get a book…no option • You are to be ready to talk about one of four concepts to the class by the end of class
Your Task • You will be randomly assigned one of the following concepts • Roosevelt the Peacemaker • The Panama Canal (including its construction) • The Roosevelt Corollary • Dollar Diplomacy • Pick only the four most important things from that topic and be ready to report on it to the class • Next week, we’ll talk about Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy (and how he’s racist)
