Discovering the World of Theatre

1. В театре лиц, событий и имен,мы следуем намеченным путем.Что завтра ждет нас впереди,сокрыто в серой дымке мглы. ...И грянул бой... Уж зрители мужались. События к финалу приближались. И падал в снег расстрелянный герой… Образовательный портал «Мой университет» - www.moi-universitet.ru Факультет «Реформа образования» - www.edu-reforma.ru

2. Театр • Theatre is the branch of the performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one or more persons, isolated in time and/or space, present themselves or each other. • By this broad definition, theatre has existed since the dawn of man, as a result of human tendency for story telling. Since its inception, theatre has come to take on many forms, often utilizing elements such as speech, gesture, music, dance, and spectacle, combining the other performing arts, often as well as the visual arts, into a single artistic form.

3. History of theatre • The earliest recorded theatrical event dates back to 2000 BC with the passion plays of Ancient Egypt. This story of the god Osiris was performed annually at festivals throughout the civilization, marking the known beginning of a long relationship between theatre and religion. • The ancient Greeks began formalizing theatre as an art, developing strict definitions of tragedy and comedy as well as other forms, including satyr plays. • Operagenre is called as vokalno-theatrical (the vocal is a singing). • The genre "opera" has arisen at the end of 16 century, in 1600, in the Italian city of Florence.

4. Drama • Drama (literally translated as action, from a verbal root meaning "To do") is the branch of theatre in which speech, either from written text (plays), or improvised is paramount. And the companion word drama is also Greek, dranmeans to do. • Classical forms of drama, including Greek and Roman drama, classic English drama including William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe and French drama including Molière is still performed today.

5. Musical theatre • Music and theatre have always had a close relationship. Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance routines, and spoken dialogue. • Modern musical theatre emerged from the variety shows and "follies" in the early 20th century and includes a combination of dialogue, song and dance, and spectacle. Broadway musicals of the 21st century include lavish costumes and sets supported by million dollar budgets.

6. Comedy • Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδία,komodia) as a popular meaning, is any humorous discourse generally intended to amuse, especially in television, film, and stand-up comedy. • It must be carefully distinguished from the academic definition, namely the comic theatre, whose Western origins are found in Ancient Greece. In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was remarkably influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.

7. Ballet • Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the French court, further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. It is a highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary. • It is primarily performed with the accompaniment of classical music. It has been influential as a form of dance globally and is taught in ballet schools around the world which use their own culture and society to modernize the art.

8. Ballet dance works (ballets) are choreographed, and also include mime, acting, and are set to music (usually orchestral but occasionally vocal). It is best known in the form of classical ballet, notable for its techniques, such as pointe work and turn-out of the legs, its graceful, flowing, precise movements, and its ethereal qualities. Later developments include neoclassical ballet and contemporary ballet.

9. Operetta • Operetta (French: opérette, German: operette, Italian: operetta) is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. It is also closely related, in English-language works, to other forms of musical theatre. • Official birthday of an operetta is on July, 5th 1855. This day Jacque Offenbach has opened the small theatre "Buff-Parizen" in Paris, on the Champs Elysée. Within the next twenty years he has written and has put at the theatre of 89 operettas.

10. Music of ImreKalmana has no equal in an operetta on the conviviality, "elegance"

11. Cinema The insurgent (боевик) • The Insurgent (English action movie, letters. The action film) - illustrates this genre of motion picture arts the known thesis «good should be with fists». The Protagonist usually faces harm in its most obvious display: a crime, corruption, terrorism, murder. Without finding other exit, the protagonist decides to resort to violence. The western (вестерн) • the Western (English west - the West) - in classical films of this genre action occurs in the Wild West of America in the XIX-th century. The conflict is usually developed between a gang of criminals, representatives of the authorities and hunters behind the award (English bounty hunter). As well as in the usual insurgent, the conflict is authorised violence with shooting. Westerns are impregnated by atmosphere of freedom and independence, characteristic for the West of the United States.

12. Military (военный) • Military film or battle film - the historical feature film reconstructing events of really occurring war or battle, ammunition, the weapon, receptions and the fight organisation. In the centre of an art composition of a battle film usually there is a scene of the main battle which shootings combine wide panoramic plans with close ups of heroes of a film. Detective(детектив) • the Detective (English detective, from an armour. detego - I open, I expose) - a genre which products invariably contain illustrations of the criminal actions, investigation following them and definition of the guilty. The spectator, as a rule, has a desire to make own investigation and to put forward own version of a crime. Documentary (документальный) • Documentary cinema (or not game cinema) - a cinema genre. The film in which basis shootings of original events and persons have laid down is called as documentary

13. A drama • the Drama (греч. drama, letters. - action) - a literary and cinema genre. Specificity of a genre is made the plot, by an action conflictness, an abundance of dialogues and monologues. Dramas represent basically private human life and its sharp conflict to a society. Thus the accent often becomes on the universal contradictions embodied in behaviour and acts of concrete characters. History • the Historical film - films of this genre of motion picture arts reconstruct really occurring historical events. Accident • the Film-accident - a film which heroes have got to accident and try to escape. Speech can go as about natural accident (a tornado, earthquake, volcano eruption, etc.) or technogenic accident (plane wreck, for example).

14. A comedy (комедия) • the Comedy (греч. komodia) - a genre characterised by the comic (satirical) approach. Films which set as the purpose to make laugh the spectator concern this genre, to raise a smile, to improve mood. Melodrama (мелодрама) • the Melodrama (from греч. meloz - a song and a drama) - the genre of fiction, a theatrical art and a cinema, which product open the spiritual and sensual world of heroes in especially bright emotional situations on the basis of contrasts: good and harm, love and hatred, etc. The mysticism (мистика) • of the Mystic - is a genre of fantastic films, but actions in films is connected with interaction of people and various mysterious forces. The last do not give in to the unequivocal scientific description, than and differ. A musical (мюзикл) • the Musical film - a musical or an operetta transferred from a theatrical stage on a screen. It is a lot of songs, dances, beautiful suits and scenery. Necessarily there are elements of a melodrama and is frequent «happy end». The violence if also is, in the most harmless form.

15. Adventures (приключения) • the Adventure film - unlike the insurgent, in adventure films the accent is displaced from rough violence on sharpness of characters, ability to outwit, deceive the villain. In adventure films heroes should get out of difficult situations in an original way. «Happy end» also is very probable A fairy tale (сказка) • Films-fairy tales, films which are removed on motives of a fairy tale, and are the narrative genre supposing a known share of fiction and containing unusual events in household sense (fantastic, wonderful or everyday) which reliability is called into question. Tragedy (трагедия) • a tragedy Basis (греч. tragōdía, letters. - a goat song, from trаgos - a goat and ödе - the song) makes collision of the person with the world, a society, the destiny, expressed in struggle of strong characters and passions.

16. A thriller (триллер) • the Thriller (from English thrill - trembling) - so name the films, aspiring to create at the spectator sensation of intense experience, excitement. Horrors (ужастик) • the Film of horrors (English horror film, horror movie) - a feature film genre. To films of horrors carry films which urged to frighten the spectator, to instal feeling of alarm and fear, to create a charged atmosphere of horror or painful expectation something awful. A fantasy (фантастика) • the Fantasy (from греч. phantastike - art to imagine) - a fiction version; its initial ideologically-aesthetic installation is imagination dictatorship over a reality

17. Режиссеры • Alexander Hanzhonkovwas born on August, 8th (on July, 26th on old style) 1877 in village Hanzhonkovka (nowadays settlement Hanzhonkovo of Donetsk area) in a family of the impoverished landowner.

18. On December, 9th (22), 1906 Hanzhonkov addresses in the Moscow merchant justice with the statement «about establishment it together with three investors of the Trading house in an image of association on trust under firm A.Hanzhonkovand To “for the purpose of trade manufacture by cinema tapes, magic lanterns, dissolving views, various cars and devices and other goods for a fabrication of all these subjects». Known banker Ivan Ozerov, a member of the State Council was one of guarantors of the company.

19. First Hanzhonkov is engaged only cinema documantaryand hire in Russia foreign films, but in the summer of 1907 it begins shootings of a domestic picture «Palochkin and Galochkin» which, however, has not been finished. • In 1911 on screens there is a feature film first in Russia «Defense of Sevastopol», in common put Hanzhonkovym and Goncharov. In 1912 the company lets out in hire the first-ever cartoon film which has been removed in the technician of volume animation — «Fine Lyukanida, or War of men with a big moustache with horns» directed by VladislavStarevicha. From the beginning of 1910th years company Hanzhonkova becomes the indisputable leader of the Russian film production.

20. Rowe Alexander Arturovich • on March, 8th 1906, Moscow — on December, 28th 1973, Moscow • The film director, a script writer. • The national actor of Russia (1968). • Has ended actor's branch of film school of B. Chaykovskogo(1930), studied in the Moscow drama technical school of a name of M.N. Ermolovoy(1931—1934). • Alexander Rowe fairly name the first film storyteller of the country (nearby it is possible to put only A.Ptushko's name). The exit on screens in 1938 of the first work of Rowe has been "by magic met with vigilance

21. Rolan (Roland) Bykovwas born in a family of red commander Anatoly Bykova and beauty Olga Matveevna from an intelligent family. • The choice of a course of life was for it natural. The theatre was included into his life at school when he has started to be engaged in studio of the House of pioneers. After leaving school it has resolved to become the actor.

22. Having finished in 1951 Shchukinsky school (masterful V.K.Lvovoj and L. M. Shihmatova), Bykov became the actor of Moscow theatre of young performance. • To act in film of Bykov has begun with the middle of 50th years, originally in small roles. • Since 1960 Rolan Bykov has passed to work as the director on a film studio "Mosfilm". Since then it and itself began to put films and continued to act in film. • The legendary actor and the film director died on 6th October, 1998.

23. Nikita Sergeevich Mihalkov — the Russian actor and the film director, the national actor of Russia. • The Russian director Nikita Mikhalkov became the winner of the most prestigious film was awarded in Japan — the reward of a name of Akira Kurosawa. • Nikita SergeevichMikhalkov was born on October, 21st, 1945 in Moscow. The Father-Sergey VladimirovichMikhalkov, is well known children's writer and the poet, his mother is Natalya PetrovnaKonchalovskaya. • In 1984 Nikita Mikhalkov received the rank of the National Actor of Russia.

24. AndreyArsenevichTarkovskyi(on April, 4th 1932, Jurevets, the Ivanovo area, Russia — on December, 29th 1986, Paris, France) — the film director, a script writer. • He was born in village Zavrazhye of the Ivanovo region in a family of poet ArsenyiTarkovskyi. The childhood has spent in the city of Jurevtse where Tarkovsky's house museum is open now. • The national actor of Russia (1980). • His films were "Solaris" "Stalker“ and "Mirror". • Tarkovsky has died of a cancer of lungs in Paris at the age of 54 years in 1986. • Anlrey (Andron) Sergeevich Mihalkov-Konchalovsky (on August, 20th 1937, Moscow) — the Soviet and Russian director, a script writer. Natalia Konchalovskaya and Sergey Mikhalkov's son. • In 1957—1959 he studied in the Moscow State conservatory. • In 1980 he was the National Actor of Russia. The same year he moved to the USA. Now he lives and works in Russia.

25. Актеры • Vera VasilevnaHolodnaya(in girlhood of Levchenko, on 9th August, 1893, Poltava, the Russian empire — on February, 16th 1919, Odessa) — the well-known Russian actress of mute cinema. • Vera Holodnaya was born in Poltava in a family of the teacher-language and literature teacher of a city grammar school of Levchenko. In 1895 the family moved to Moscow. • Holodnayacreated the images of the beautiful sad woman who deceived and haven’t been understood. • She suddenly died on 16th February, 1919 at the age of 26 years in Odessa.

26. Vitold Alfonsovich Polonsky (1879 — on 5th January, 1919), the actor. • He graduated the courses of the Moscow theatrical school (1907). He was an actor of Malyi theatre. • Maksimov Vladimir Vasilevich (1880-1937), one of the most popular actors of mute cinema, the Honored artist of Russia (1925). • Vladimir Maksimov Was born on 27th July, 1880. In 1904-1905 Vladimir Maksimov was an actor Malyi and other theatres. In 1919-1924 Vladimir Maksimov was the actor of the Bolshoy • At cinema Vladimir Maksimov has acted in film for the first time in 1911 in a film «Kashirsky old». • Vladimir Vasilevich Maksimov died on 22nd March, 1937

27. LyubovOrlovawas born on February, 11th, 1902 in Zvenigorod. It is situated near Moscow in a family of a noble family. The father of the future Soviet movie star was Peter FedorovichOrlov served in military department. Mother was EvgenieNikolaevnaSuhotina. She occurred from an ancient sort of noble family. • 1919-1922 — study in the Moscow conservatory on a grand piano class. • 1922-1925 — study for choreographic branch of the Moscow theatrical technical school. • 1922-1925 — lessons of actor's skill at teacher E.S.Teleshova, the director of Art theatre. • 1920-1926 — work as the ballroom pianist at cinemas of Moscow

28. 1926-1933 — the chorister, then the actress of Musical theatre (originally — Musical studio at MCHAT) under the direction of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. • 1926-1930 — marriage with AndreyBerzinym the assistant to the People's commissar of agriculture • In 1933 she met GrigoryVasilevichemAleksandrovym • which has played a pivotal role in its further destiny has taken place. • She died of a pancreas cancer in 1975. She is buried on the New maiden cemetery.

29. Oleg Dalwas born on 25th May, 1941 in Moscow. The father — Ivan ZinovevichDal — was the large railway engineer, mother — PavelPetrovna — the teacher. • The childhood of Dalyahas passed in Lyublino, those years it was a suburb of Moscow. • Oleg Dalya's debut at the cinema has taken place in 1962 in Alexander Zarhi's film «My younger brother» under the story «Star ticket» of VasilyAksyonova. • Oleg Daldied on 3rd March, 1981 in a hotel room, during creative business trip in Kiev. • He was buried on 7th March, 1981 on the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow

30. Andrey Aleksandrovich Mironov, wasa real name - Menaker (on 8th March, 1941, Moscow — on 16th August, 1987, Riga) • In 1958 Andrey Mironov finished school and he entered to the theatrical school of V. Schukin at the theatre of Evgenyi Vahtangova. • On 14th August, in Riga, during tours of the Moscow theatre of satire at performance «Mad day, or Zhenitba Figaro», without having finished last scene, faints. It is delivered to local hospital where after two days, at 5 o'clock 35 minutes he died. It is buried on 20th August, 1987 on the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

31. RanevskayaFainaGeorgievna–Feldman, the present patronymic - Grigorevna. She was born on27th August, 1896 in Taganrog. • She finished a private drama school. • In 1931-1935 – the actress of Chamber theatre, • In 1935-1939 – the actress of the Central theatre of Red Army, • In 1943-1949 – the actress of Drama theatre (nowadays theatre of Vl. Mayakovsky), • In 1949-1955 and in 1963-1984 – the Moscow academic theatre of the Moscow Council. • In 1955-1963 – the actress of the Moscow theatre of A.S.Pushkin. • She died – on July, 19th, 1984. • She buried in Moscow, on the Don cemetery .

32. Test Film genres 1-5 вопросыI вариант 6-10 вопросыII вариант 11-15 вопросыIII вариант

34. Answers