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Chapter 31

Chapter 31. Alternating Current. Goals for Chapter 31. To introduce phasors and alternating current To study voltage, current, and phase angle To consider resistance and reactance To introduce impedance and its application to the L-R-C series circuit To consider power in AC circuits

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Chapter 31

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  1. Chapter 31 Alternating Current

  2. Goals for Chapter 31 • To introduce phasors and alternating current • To study voltage, current, and phase angle • To consider resistance and reactance • To introduce impedance and its application to the L-R-C series circuit • To consider power in AC circuits • To see resistance in AC circuits • To apply AC knowledge to transformers

  3. Introduction • After Thomas Edison found a filament that worked for his new invention, the light bulb, he tried to design a system to send power from one place to another across large distances. He quickly found that I2R power loss in the cables was frustrating, essentially a collection of resistance heaters. • Another fortuitous application of AC current in long metal conductors was the creation of electromagnetic waves.

  4. AC current • Notice the new electronic symbol at the top of page 1062. • Consider phasor diagrams. • Review Figure 31.1. • Explain Figure 31.2. (Until now, only Captain Kirk came to mind when someone said “phasor.”)

  5. A full-wave rectifier circuit • Refer to Figure 31.3 at right and 31.4 below.

  6. Current in the device I’m using right now • A desktop PC draws current from a plug to the wall, but what are the details? • Smile at Figure 31.5. (It’s what we’re doing.) • Follow Example 31.1, illustrated by Figure 31.6.

  7. Resistors in an AC circuit • Ohm’s Law applied in oscillatory fashion. • Consider Figure 31.7.

  8. Inductors in an AC circuit • Replace the resistor in the previous slide with an inductor. • Consider Figure 31.8. • Follow Example 31.2.

  9. Capacitance in an AC circuit • Because this is a series circuit, the current is the same through the capacitor as through the resistor just considered. • Consider Figure 31.9 at right. • Follow Example 31.3. • Figure 31.10 (below) illustrates Example 31.3.

  10. Comparing AC circuit elements • Table 31.1 (bottom) provides a valuable summary/comparison for circuit elements. • Figure 31.11 (below) shows items as a function of the angular frequency.

  11. The loudspeaker, a useful application • The woofer (low tones) and the tweeter (high tones) connect in parallel through a “crossover.” • Consider Figure 31.12.

  12. The L-R-C circuit • Refer to Figure 31.13 at the bottom of the page. • Read Problem-Solving Strategy 31.1. • Follow Example 31.4. • Figure 31.14 (at right) shows a fun example!

  13. An L-R-C circuit II • Follow Example 31.5 below.

  14. Power in an inductor • Consider current, voltage, and power as functions of time. • Consider Figure 31.16 below. • Follow Examples 31.6 and 31.7.

  15. Circuit behavior at resonance • Look at the maximum I when the impedance is a minimum. • Refer to Figure 31.18.

  16. Tuning a radio • Follow Example 31.8. • Figure 31.20 illustrates the example.

  17. Transformers • We drive by them, carry them, and sit in front of them. • Notice the new circuit symbol at the bottom of page 1080. • Consider Figure 31.21 below and Figures 31.22 and 31.23 at right.

  18. Transformers II • Consider Figure 31.24. • Follow Example 31.9.

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