Describing a graph? MK p 115

1. Describing a graph? MK p 115 Can you name any point / segment of the graph? Steps to take when describing a graph: • Determine the topics and time frame • What do the numbers and labels represent? A number? A percentage? A price? • Describe the overall situation. The general trend. • Focus on the highs and lows. • When? In what period? For how long? • How intensive was the change? Use adjectives and adverbs. →RB, p 18

2. Words to use: • verbs and nouns • prices rise vs a rise in prices • different levels of intensity: to risevs. to soar • a growth vs. a surge • transitive & intransitive verbs: rise vs. raise (is an object required?) • adjectives and adverbs used to describe: • degree of change: the prices rise significantlya significant rise in prices • speed of change: the prices rise suddenlya sudden rise in prices

3. INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE VERBS (no object) VERBS + a direct object RISE GROW JUMP RALLY SOAR FALL DECLINE PLUMMET SLUMP PLUNGE TO RAISE PRICES TO BOOST SALES TO SPUR SPENDING TO SLASH TAXES TO BRING DOWN PRICES INCREASE DECREASE

4. COPY THE TABLE AND SORT THE VERBS OUT. PICK UP, TOP OUT, DIP, SURGE, PLUMMET, PLUNGE, TAKE OFF, BOTTOM OUT, REBOUND, SKYROCKET, SLIP, SLUMP, SOAR, CRASH, RALLY, TUMBLE, SHRINK, ESCALATE, LEAP

5. COPY THE TABLE AND SORT THE VERBS OUT. PICK UP, TOP OUT, DIP, SURGE, PLUMMET, PLUNGE, TAKE OFF, BOTTOM OUT, REBOUND, SKYROCKET, SLIP, SLUMP, SOAR, CRASH, RALLY, TUMBLE,

6. MARK 1 “go up”, 2 ”go down”, 3 “go up a lot” or 4 “ go down a lot” As part of an overall boom, spending on advertising rocketed in the late 1990s and, in 2000, it soared by more than 8% in America, which represents about half the world market. But then the following year it plunged by 8%. Now the industry is feeling positive again and advertising is expected to escalate by nearly 5% this year. But how is the money being spent? Thanks to the Internet, there was a jump in website advertising of nearly 40%. But is traditional TV advertising shrinking? America’s big TV networks used to reach 90% of households but then this figure plummeted to as low as 33%. Consequently, TV advertising by some multinationals also slumped.

7. MARK 1 “go up”, 2 ”go down”, 3 “go up a lot” or 4 “ go down a lot” As part of an overall boom, spending on advertising rocketed3 in the late 1990s and, in 2000, it soared3 by more than 8% in America, which represents about half the world market. But then the following year it plunged4 by 8%. Now the industry is feeling positive again and advertising is expected to escalate1 by nearly 5% this year. But how is the money being spent? Thanks to the Internet, there was a jump3 in website advertising of nearly 40%. But is traditional TV advertising shrinking2? America’s big TV networks used to reach 90% of households but then this figure plummeted4 to as low as 33%. Consequently, TV advertising by some multinationals also slumped4.

8. A D + V E R B S DEGREE OF CHANGE The oil prices rose sharply. SPEED OF CHANGE In November the oil prices started falling abruptly. A D J E C T I V ES+NOUNS DEGREE OF CHANGE There was a sharp increase in the price of gold. SPEED OF CHANGE The stock markets saw an abrupt decrease in the ratings. ADJECTIVES or ADVERBS used in describing trends or movements

9. TO GO UP OR DOWN A LITTLE grow, rise, increase – not followed by “up”fall, drop, decrease – not followed by “down”

10. ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? There was a CONSIDERABLY / CONSIDERABLE fall. It fell SLIGHT / SLIGHTLY. There was a SLIGHT / SLIGHTLY upturn. The government decreased taxes MODERATE/ MODERATELY. They reported a DRAMATICALLY / DRAMATIC downturn.

11. MAKE ADVERBS. rapid quick slight moderate dramatic considerable substantial gradual steady rapidly quickly slightly moderately dramatically considerably substantially gradually steadily

12. Trends:by Verbs+Adverbs & Nouns&Adjectives Since 1998, the use of broadcast TV has fallen sharply, going down from 950 to under 600 hours in just seven years. This figure levelled offslightly in 2002 with a slight decline of just 30 hours compared to a sharp fall of 70 hours the following year and reachingan all-time low of under 600 hours per year by 2004. At the beginning of 2005, the use of broadcast TV has abruptly risen, only to be followed by a gradual drop in the second quarter.

13. Verbs+Adverbs & Nouns+AdjectivesDegree & speed of change Since 1998, the use of broadcast TV has fallen sharply, going down from 950 to under 600 hours in just seven years. This figure levelled offslightly in 2002 with a slightdecline of just 30 hours compared to a sharpfall of 70 hours the following year and reaching an all-time low of under 600 hours per year by 2004. At the beginning of 2005, the use of broadcast TV has abruptly risen, only to be followed by a gradual drop in the second quarter.

14. Describing movements and prepositions • to rise ______ 2 h ___ 5 h • to increase _____ 35 % • a decrease ____ 10 % • an increase ____ 15% • to decrease ____ 46% • to fall _____ 20 % ____ 13 % • to fall ____ $3 h ___ $2 h • The company expects a 5% increase ___ sales. • Sales stood ___$1 m ___ 1998. • The sales figures peaked ___ $1,000.

15. Describing movements and prepositions • to rise from 2 h to 5 h • to increase by 35 % / by 3 (from 2 to 5) • an increase of 15% • a decrease of 10 % • to decrease by 46% / by 2 (from 10 to 8) • to fall from 20 % to 13 % • to fall from $3 h to $2 h • The company expects a 5% increase in sales. • Sales stood at $1 m in 1998. • The sales figures peaked at $1,000. Careful: rast od 5%jeincrease of 5% noun + of porasti za 5%nijeto increase for 5% nego:increase by verb + by

16. Time prepositions • onon Monday, on 23 March 2012 • inin August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour at at half past nine at night at the weekend • sincesince 1980 • forfor 2 years • ago2 years ago • beforebefore 2004 • to / till / untilfrom Monday to/till Friday • till / untilHe is on holiday until Friday. • byI will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.