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Urban waste management in a carbon constrained economy

Urban waste management in a carbon constrained economy . Bruce Edgerton Manager: Sustainability Policy. Key Messages. Implications of a carbon constrained economy for urban waste management: get organics out of landfill; recycle-recover materials to highest-value use were possible;

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Urban waste management in a carbon constrained economy

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  1. Urban waste management in a carbon constrained economy Bruce Edgerton Manager: Sustainability Policy

  2. Key Messages • Implications of a carbon constrained economy for urban waste management: • get organics out of landfill; • recycle-recover materials to highest-value use were possible; • generate energy from appropriately sorted residual material; • explore the next generation of energy-from-waste technologies to: • Generate renewable energy or transport fuels and/or sequester carbon. • Draft Waste Strategy & consultancies (www.environment.act.gov.au) • Provide a good starting point for discussion • Public consultation on web • Biochar trial & further analysis of options underway • Final ACT waste strategy to be released this year

  3. Context ACT • 1996 No Waste by 2010 released • Resource recovery: 43% in 1996  75% in 2005  71% in 2010 • Climate Change & Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act (October) 2010 Federal • Carbon Pricing Mechanism • Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) • Legacy landfill emissions • Biochar • Soil carbon (via compost?)

  4. Outcomes • Less Waste Generated • Full Resource Recovery • A Clean Environment • A Carbon Neutral Waste Sector Systems approach to waste management

  5. Potential new waste services, infrastructure & markets PEF = process engineered fuel a.k.a RDF

  6. Three pronged approach Programs Outcomes Resource Recovery > 80% by 2015 >85% by 2020 >90% by 2025 No recoverable material sent to landfill ie approximately 5-10% deemed unrecoverable Carbon neutral waste sector by 2020 Implies offsets • Commercial waste scheme • Organics recovery • Energy from waste • Staged implementation • appropriately sorted residuals • i.e. no mass burn incineration

  7. The Role of Energy from Waste • Adding value to under-utilised or landfilled waste streams • Thermal Coal Substitute = $50-150/tonne • Creating valuable products from organic wastes • renewable electricity • biochar and/or liquid fuels

  8. Conclusion • ACT Government takes its climate change responsibilities seriously • The draft ACT waste strategy is framed in this context • The final waste strategy is to be released this year • Waste management could contribute to climate change mitigation via: • avoided emissions from landfill • 2.5% of total GHG emissions • Avoided emissions via recycling • As important as landfill GHG emissions – but • doesn’t impact on the ACT’s GHG inventory • generating renewable energy • sequestering carbon &/or generating renewable transport fuels

  9. Extra Slides

  10. draft waste strategy consultation8 Dec 2010 to 28 Feb 2011 “Time to talk- Canberra 2030” 20,000 participants & 34,000 submissions Third bin was 45 out of 1000 issues ACT has high service provision expectations... and Queanbeyan already has a garden-waste bin! • Released • draft ACT Sustainable Waste Strategy 2010-2025 • URS- EcoWaste & Inovact consultancy reports • Held • 6 community forums • 1 waste-industry forum • 3 presentations at waste conferences 2010-11 • Results • All submissions made public (www.environment.act.gov.au/waste) • Generally quite positive feedback • Including for energy-from-waste... providing it was staged and/or “right sized” not incinerated • Want more services • E-waste recycling • Bulky waste collection • Garden waste collection

  11. C&D largest material stream Garden waste Commercial waste Household waste Urban forest & biosolids underutilised

  12. Energy-from-waste: technology options • Landfill gas • In-vessel anaerobic digestion • Direct combustion • Process Engineered Fuels (PEF) - for export outside the ACT • Advance thermal options • Gasification • Slow pyrolysis • Flash pyrolysis • Plasma et al.

  13. Appropriate feedstocks for EfW Dry – tonnes/yr of dry matter Wet - tpa dry (tpa wet) Biosolids(sewage sludge) 13-15,000 (30-45,000) Sorted commercial organics 8-16,000 (20-35,000) Sorted domestic organics 10-20,000 (30-40,000) • C&D timber • 15-30,000 • Urban forest material • 10,000 and growing • Dry commercial waste (PEF) • 10-25,000 • Garden waste • 180-240,000 Green – available now (3-10MW) Orange – potentially available by 2015 Red – post 2015 or not available

  14. Biochar Trial manufactured by AnthroTerrausing low temperature (≈450oC) pyrolysis Results Sequestration 33-54% kg biochar/kg dry input 71-92% stable carbon Energy yield C&D timber + dry green waste ≈ 19 MJ/dry tonne Biosolids & household organics = 12.5 - 13.8 MJ/dry tonne Agronomic quality??? Looks good High Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr in MSW Biochars • C&D timber • micro & macronutrients added after pyrolysis • C&D timber • torrefied with biosolids at 250oC after pyrolysis • C&D timber + biosolids • household organics (from MSW) • from SITA’s Kemp’s Creek residual-waste MRF (SAWT) processing Liverpool’s residual waste bin • Urban forest material (green waste) + biosolids

  15. Biochar Pot Trials ANU Fenner School of Environment & Society • >1600 pots • 0.5-6% biochar blended with • compost made from garden waste in the ACT • a local top soil • 5 species • Breccia • Pansy • Acacia • Annual grass • Perennial grass

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