Development of Low Cost Solar Cell and Inverter

1. International Research Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal Development of Low Cost Solar Cell and Inverter Low Cost Solar Cell and Inverter International Journal of Trend in Scientific Scientific (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal ISSN No: 2456 ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4 Development of Ashvini Admane, Ashvini Admane, Dr. Harikumar Naidu Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Electrical Engineering, Tulsiramji Gaikwad atil College of Engineering and Technology, ABSTRACT The first law of thermodynamics postulates that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. The sun provides plant the food by photosynthesis. Thus the sun is a renewable energy sources of all the life on earth, The photovoltaic energy generated by sun solar cell to absorb the sunlight which it transmitted as electric charge in the circuit .The solar panel transfers the energy from the sun by trapping the photon. and ejecting an electron from semiconductor to produce energy .semiconductor has an energy gap between valence electron and conduction Tio2 is a wide band gap semiconductor. very wide and the energy from sunlight can not release electrons easily but if the exited electron are received from the blackberry juice then juice becomes slightly positive (oxidised),Thus in demand of an electron to become neutral. If electrode coated with graphite come in contact with blackberry juice and Tio2 and iodine electrolyte which acts like a boat bringing electrons. This is the basic similar process which is observed and is known as photosynthesis in plants. The solar cell was fabricated on glass plate and tested for generation of voltage successfully in the sun. Iodine, Blackberry Juice , and Titanium Dioxide create a working solar cell that mimics the process of photosynthesis. This is known as a Gratzel Cell. II. Construction of Solar Cell The construction of solar cell requires vinegar, Nano crystalline Titanium Dioxide Iodine electrolyte solution , Graphite pencil, Blackberry juice. The 10 ml vinegar to a 6 gm Titanium Dioxide then stirring until smooth and lump free solution is made .Then, slides with a multi meter to determine which slide is conductive. Mask 3mm on three sides of glass slides and prepared solution is dropped on the allow the slide to dry for few minutes before removing the tape and then put flame of gas burner for 5 to 10 minutes until the slides turn yellow and then again white .Blend or crush fresh blackberries in the blender or by hand and add tablespoon water for every 10 blackberry and t simple juice from the bottom . Take a 5 leaves of citrus tree and mash with 10 ml of acetone in a and put it in a amber bottle graphite stick to coat three entire surface of the conductive side . The second slide graphite pencil. Place graphite coated on the top of the dry soaked Titanium Dioxide coated slide of the second slide. The slides should be place slightly offset to allow enough room on the end to place alligator clip. Now use blinder clip to hold the two slides together. Now with an eyedropper of liquid iodine solution to seal between the two slides. The solution will be drawn between the two slides. The solution will be drawn postulates that the universe is constant. The Iodine, Blackberry Juice , and Titanium Dioxide it can create a working solar cell that mimics the process of photosynthesis. This is known as a Gratzel Cell. plant the food by photosynthesis. Thus the sun is a renewable energy sources of all the life on earth, The photovoltaic energy generated by sun uses the sunlight which it transmitted as electric charge in the circuit .The solar panel transfers the energy from the sun by trapping the and ejecting an electron from semiconductor to produce energy .semiconductor has an energy gap lence electron and conduction Electron. Tio2 is a wide band gap semiconductor. The gap is the energy from sunlight can not release electrons easily but if the exited electron are Construction of Solar Cell construction of solar cell requiresDistilled white crystalline Titanium Dioxide , Ethanol Iodine electrolyte solution , Graphite pencil, Blackberry juice. The 10 ml vinegar to a 6 gm Titanium Dioxide then stirring until smooth and lump , Test one of the glass meter to determine which slide is conductive. Mask 3mm on three sides of glass slides and prepared solution is dropped on the slide and slide to dry for few minutes before ng the tape and then put slide directly on the flame of gas burner for 5 to 10 minutes until the slides turn yellow and then again white .Blend or crush fresh blackberries in the blender or by hand and add 1 tablespoon water for every 10 blackberry and take a simple juice from the bottom . Take a 5 leaves of h 10 ml of acetone in a motar and put it in a amber bottle. Use a soft pencil or graphite stick to coat three entire surface of the conductive side . The second slide is coated by the the blackberry juice becomes slightly positive (oxidised),Thus if it is to become neutral. If electrode coated with graphite come in contact with iodine electrolyte like a boat bringing electrons. This is the which is observed and is known plants. The solar cell was fabricated on glass plate and tested for generation of Keywords:Blackbery, Glassplates, solar cell, I. INTRODUCTION Solar energy is the energy which comes from natural sources. These sources are available in abundance can be naturally replenished. Therefore, for all practical purposes, these solar cell. Blackberry juice contains many water soluble chemicals that may cause a chemical reaction with one or both of the electrodes. So it may get some electricity from that. solar cell, electron graphite coated on the top of the dry soaked Titanium Dioxide coated slide of the second slide. The slides should be place slightly offset to allow enough room on the end to place alligator clip. Now hold the two slides together. Now with an eyedropper of liquid iodine solution to seal hich comes from natural These sources are available in abundance and can be naturally replenished. Therefore, for all Blackberry juice ater soluble chemicals that may cause a chemical reaction with one or both of the s. So it may get some electricity from that. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Jun 2018 Page: 2195

2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 into the cell by capillary action and will stain the entire inside of the slides . Attach the alligator clips to the two overhanging edges of the slide and attach the clips leads to your multi meter with the negative terminal attached to the Titanium Dioxide coated slide and the positive terminal attached to the graphite coated slides. Measure voltage of the cell in the direct sunlight and indoors .the maximum voltage in direct sunlight is about 0.5 volt, also attached several cells in parallel and series to get a 10 volts voltage. As tested shown in figure, into the cell by capillary action and will stain the two overhanging edges of the slide and attach the clips leads to your meter with the negative terminal attached to the Titanium Dioxide coated slide and the positive terminal attached to the graphite coated slides. direct sunlight and indoors .the maximum voltage in direct sunlight is 0.5 volt, also attached several cells in parallel and series to get a 10 volts voltage. As tested shown Figure 1: Experimentally tested fruit solar cell Figure 1: Experimentally tested fruit solar cell IV.INVERTER Figure 2: Transistor inverter circuit with RC Network A simple transistor BC-547 inverter with RC network is shown in figure 2.The fruit solar cell DC was given across A and B ,and the output was measured between C and D. The 10 converted into AC ,The transistor action with RC network which has given a faithful conversion of DC into AC. Result: The DC 10 volts generated from fruit cell is given across collector and emitter through the biasing and RC network faith full converts the DC signals through the transistors by transistor action into AC signal output across the transistor emitter and collector terminals via, coupling capacitors of 220 Nf. Conclusion The successful testing after the development transistor based solar fruit cell inverter is cost transistor based solar fruit cell inverter is cost Figure 2: Transistor inverter circuit with RC Network 547 inverter with RC network power 10 volt DC was given across A and B ,and the output was volts DC got converted into AC ,The transistor action with RC network which has given a faithful conversion of DC effective and simple to construct and use since, it is effective and simple to construct and use since, affordable by the masses. REFERENCES: 1.Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Egs) on the United States in the 21st Century: Assessment - Tester, Jefferson W. et. al. 2.Advanced Algorithm Photovoltaic systems - C. Liu, B. Wu and R. Cheung. 3.A new Analog MPPT Technique: TEODI Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli 4.Comprehensive approach simulation of Photovoltaic arrays Gradella Villavla, Jones Rafael Gazoli, Ernesto Ruppert Filho. 5.Power Electronics: Operations (Book) - Muhamma Muhamma. Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Egs) on the United States in the 21st Century: An er, Jefferson W. et. al. - 2006. Advanced Algorithm C. Liu, B. Wu and R. for for control control of of The DC 10 volts generated from fruit cell is given across collector and emitter through the biasing circuit A new Analog MPPT Technique: TEODI - N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli. Comprehensive approach to modeling and f Photovoltaic arrays – Marcelo Jones Rafael Gazoli, Ernesto converts the DC signals through the transistors by transistor action into AC signal output across the transistor emitter and collector terminals via, coupling capacitors of 220 Nf. Power Electronics: Circuits, Circuits, Devices Devices and and the development of simple @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Jun 2018 Page: 2196