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Electric Vehicles: the benefits and the challenges Chris Jones, Chapter President North Bay Electric Auto Association,

Electric Vehicles: the benefits and the challenges Chris Jones, Chapter President North Bay Electric Auto Association, www.nbeaa.org. Presented to the Sunrise Rotary Club December 18, 2008 8:00-8:30 AM This presentation is posted at www.nbeaa.org/osev/presentations/rotary.pdf .

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Electric Vehicles: the benefits and the challenges Chris Jones, Chapter President North Bay Electric Auto Association,

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  1. Electric Vehicles: the benefits and the challengesChris Jones, Chapter PresidentNorth Bay Electric Auto Association, www.nbeaa.org Presented to the Sunrise Rotary Club December 18, 2008 8:00-8:30 AMThis presentation is posted at www.nbeaa.org/osev/presentations/rotary.pdf.

  2. Topics to be discussed: • Why EVs? • Types of EVs • EV Components • The Economics of EVs • Local EV Activities

  3. Why EVs? All of these energy related issues showed up in the Press Democrat one morning.

  4. EV Energy Consumption: 100% 71% Non-Renewable Energy Consumed: 24% 0% Efficiency of fuel input to motor shaft output only. Energy to make EV can be higher, but it makes up a small amount of the total energy consumed from cradle to grave of an ICE.

  5. Types of EVs Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Ford Escape HEV Toyota Prius PHEV conversion Battery Only Fuel Cell Tesla Roadster BEV Honda FCX hydrogen FCV

  6. Pre-1990s EVs 1914 Detroit Electric: 20 MPH, 80 mile range with NiFe batteries 1974 Zagato Elcar: 35 MPH, 35 mile range with flooded PbA batteries 1980 Commuter Vehicles CommutaCar: 30 MPH, 40 mile range with PbA batteries

  7. Millennium EVs that were sold 1997 Chevrolet S10 EV: 95 mile range with NiMH batteries 1998 Ford Ranger EV: 82 mile range with NiMH batteries 1998 Solectria Force: 84 mile range with NiMH batteries 2002 Toyota RAV4 EV: 94 mile range with NiMH batteries

  8. Millennium EVs that were leased 1999 Chrysler EPIC: 79 mile range with NiMH batteries 1999 General Motors EV1: 140 mile range with NiMH batteries 2000 Th!nk City: 55 MPH, 45 mile range with NiCd batteries 1999 Honda EV Plus: 80 mile range with NiMH batteries

  9. Current Production 4 Wheel EVs AC Propulsion eBox conversion: 120 mile range with LiIon batteries; $55K plus Scion xB Tesla Motors Roadster: 220 mile range with LiIon batteries; $109K Commuter Cars Tango T600: 200 mile range with LiIon batteries; $109K Venturi Fetish:155 mile range with LiIon batteries; $400K

  10. Current Production 3 and 2 Wheel EVs Zap Xebra conversion: 40 MPH, 25 mile range with AGM PbA batteries; $12K Myers Motors NmG: 45 mile range with LiIon batteries; $30K Lepton Scooter: 28 MPH, 30 miles with AGM PbA batteries, $2K Vectrix Motorcycle: 62 MPH, 60 miles with NiMH batteries, $12K

  11. Record Holders Phoenix Motorcars SUT: charges in 10 minutes with nano LiIon batteries; 130 mile range AC Propulsion tZero: 302 miles on a single charge at 60 MPH with LiIon batteries Solectria Sunrise: 375 miles on a single charge with NiMH batteries DIT Nuna: 1877 miles averaging 56 MPH on solar power with LiPo batteries

  12. Local EV conversions 35 mile range with flooded PbA batteries 33 mile range with LiFePO4 batteries 100 mile range estimate with LiFePO4 batteries range TBD with AGM PbA batteries Range impacted by type as well as quantity and hence weight and cost of batteries.

  13. EV Components: Current Batteries

  14. Future Batteries? Stanford University Silicon Nanowire electrodes: 3X capacity improvement expected for Lithium batteries MIT Nanotube ultracapacitors: very high power, 1M+ cycle energy storage approaching Lithium battery capacity

  15. Drive Systems Note: EV motors have wider RPM torque band so they better compare to ICE motors with ~25% more torque and horsepower.

  16. The Economics of EVs: Worst Case Example Assumes maintenance cost is low for both vehicles.

  17. Local EV Activities: EV Club North Bay Electric Auto Association, www.nbeaa.org EV Classes Santa Rosa JC EV Conversion class DET 193 Awarded $25K Grant from AAA! Solar Living Institute TR101, TR201 EV Businesses Make Mine Electric Plug-In Supply Thunderstruck Motors ZAP

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