Overview of Aquaculture in the North Central Region

1. Overview of Aquaculture in the North Central Region Ted R. Batterson

2. U.S. Aquaculture VALUE QUANTITY SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9700, SEPTEMBER 1998 & CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9800, JULY 1999

3. U.S. Aquaculture Production POUNDS (MILLIONS) SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9700, SEPTEMBER 1998 & CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9800, JULY 1999

4. U.S. Aquaculture Value MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9700, SEPTEMBER 1998 & CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9800, JULY 1999

5. Slides of Several Species Grown in The U.S. • CATFISH (SMITTY’S SLIDE #36) • RAINBOW TROUT (SMITTY’S SLIDE #28) • TILAPIA (NILE TILAPIA FROM THAILAND - JEFF HANSON’S PICTURE) • BLUEGILL (SMITTY’S SLIDE #31) Tilapia which is identified under “Other” on the previous slides is becoming an important culture species which for many is easily (and sometimes purposely) confused with bluegill.

6. U.S. Economic Impact • Farm Gate Value: $934 Million • Total Value: $5.6 Billion • 181,000 Full-time Jobs SOURCES: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS NO. 9800, JULY 1999 & ECONOMIC-WIDE IMPACTS OF U.S. AQUACULTURE, DICKS, ET AL. MAY 1996

7. U.S. Annual per Capita Consumption of Commercial Fish and Shellfish, 1970-1998 SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9800, JULY 1999

8. North Central Region NORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA WISCONSIN SOUTH DAKOTA MICHIGAN IOWA NEBRASKA OHIO INDIANA ILLINOIS KANSAS MISSOURI

9. North Central Region • Home to about 1/4 of the U.S. Population • Large metropolitan areas: Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis • Abundant surface and ground water • Large well-established agricultural community

10. History of Aquaculture in the North Central Region prior to 1970 • Most production by state agencies for stocking purposes in public waters • Private aquaculture dominated by pond stocking (fingerlings), and trout in the northern tier of states and catfish in the southern portion (food)

11. Private Aquaculture Issues • Competition with Public Agencies • Lack of Identified Species to Culture • HACCP • Marketing • Regulatory Constraints • Technical Information for New Species • Large-scale Processing Facilities are Limited in the North Central Region

12. North Central Aquaculture • Eat almost 1 billion pounds/year but produce <2% • Great diversity of species being cultured • Over 1,000 producers; but just a few per state accounting for most of the production • Food fish, baitfish, fish for stocking recreational and ornamental water bodies including fee-fishing operations as well as aquatic plants for food, wetland mitigation, and water gardening

13. Private AquacultureCulture Techniques • Natural Ponds/Lakes • Constructed Ponds • Tanks • Raceways • Net Pen/Cage Culture • Indoor Recirculating Systems

14. Slides of Some of the Different Culture Techniques • NATURAL PONDS/LAKES (SLIDE FROM JOE MORRIS) • CONSTRUCTED PONDS (COX FARMS - SLIDE FROM RICH MOCCIA; USED IN AFS TALK) • TANKS (SEINING RAINBOW TROUT - SLIDE FROM RICH MOCCIA; USED IN AFS TALK) • RACEWAYS (JACQUES BUROWS RACEWAY - SLIDE FROM RICH MOCCIA; USED IN AFS TALK) • INDOOR RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS (ATLANTIC SMOLT FARM IN NORWAY (SLIDE FROM RAUL PIEDRAHITA)

15. Atlantic Salmon Brown Trout Chinook Salmon Coho Salmon Common Carp (Koi) Goldfish Grass Carp (triploid) Hybrid Striped Bass Rainbow Trout Tilapia Genera Baitfish (Fathead Minnow, Emerald Shiner, White Sucker, Golden Shiner) Black Crappie Brook Trout Channel Catfish Crayfish Largemouth Bass Smallmouth Bass Northern Pike Sunfish (Bluegill, Bluegill Hybrids, Redear) Walleye Yellow Perch Wild Rice Private AquacultureCommon Species/Type

16. 1998 U.S. Aquaculture Census Will provide practical information to: • Help producers understand their industry • Facilitate program planning • Assist suppliers • Enable policymakers to evaluate program affecting aquaculture

17. Private Aquaculture • Estimated Farm-gate Value = $70+ Million • Dominant Types: Baitfish Bass Catfish Goldfish Salmonids Tilapia Wild Rice

18. Status of the Industry IL IN IA KS MI MN MO NE ND OH SD WI             Association          Advisory Group Defined as Ag           Plan      Enacted Legislation        

19. Slide of Michigan Aquaculture Development Act (Act No. 199) and Companion Legislation, Act No. 200

20. Regulatory Policies IL IN IA KS MI MN MO NE ND OH SD WI           Culture Permit          Predetermined List Case-by-Case Basis   Prohibited Species             Importation Permit          Where enforced on a case-by-case basis, only for certain species, or can be modified, the state is underlined.

21. Regional Aquaculture Centers NORTH CENTRAL NORTHEASTERN WESTERN SOUTHERN TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL

22. NCRAC Organizational Structure BOARD OF DIRECTORS ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER TECHNICAL COMMITTEE: RESEARCH & EXTENSION INDUSTRY ADVISORY COUNCIL

23. 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 NCRAC Projects EXTENSION ECON/MARKETING YELLOW PERCH HYBRID BASS WALLEYE SUNFISH SALMONIDS CRAYFISH BAITFISH WASTES/EFFLUENTS TILAPIA INAD/NADA COORDINATOR AQUACULTURE DRUGS WHITE PAPERS

24. AquaNIC(http://aquanic.org) • 8,000 files (publications, photographs, slide sets, videos, directories, etc.) • Links to over 1,000 aquaculture Web sites • 600 links from other Web sites • 5,000 “hits” per month by people from over 80 countries

25. NCRAC Publications • NCRAC publications are used to address approximately 15,000 clients annually • Publications on basic aquaculture used most often

26. Yellow Perch - Selected Outcomes • Identification of critical nutritional components • Larval rearing protocol developed • Application of research-based production strategies in producing large numbers of pond-reared fingerlings • Continued research on culture to food-size in recirculating systems

27. Hybrid Striped Bass - Selected Outcomes • New techniques for striped bass sperm preservation and extender • Out-of-season spawning techniques developed • Determination of efficacious hCG dosages • Facilities to intensive rear larval white bass established

28. Walleye - Selected Outcomes • Physiological changes during the reproductive cycle described • Methods developed to manipulate the annual reproductive cycle • Changes in culture tank construction enhanced gas bladder inflation of fry • Walleye Culture Manual

29. Sunfish - Selected Outcomes • Aquaculture Potential: Hybrid sunfish ( blue-gill X  green sunfish) and black crappie • Protein levels for food for hybrid sunfish: 36-40% protein for both recirculating systems and ponds • Out-of-season spawning • Compensatory growth response

30. Salmonids - Selected Outcomes • Development of less-polluting diets • The use of regionally available plant and animal by-product sources as substitutes for fish meal • Increased knowledge of rearing densities, loading and water turnover rates related to fish growth

31. Crayfish - Selected Outcomes • Survey was the first attempt to define the industry status in this region, potential for expansion and current culture problems

32. Baitfish - Selected Outcomes • Survey Results • most important baitfish - fathead minnow • most important non-fish bait - night crawler • Inconsistent state regulations identified as problematic to the industry

33. Drugs - Selected Outcomes • National INAD/NADA Coordinator has facilitated coordination, consolidation, and increased involvement in the drug-approval process on 18 of the 19 high priority aquaculture drugs and activities on 13 new drugs • Generated data on the safety and efficacy of using 17-methyltestosterone for production of monosex walleye28 • Approval of Chorulon (hCG) as a spawning aid for all species of finfish

34. Future • Cautious optimism • Food Fish: continued expansion particularly for some emerging species, e.g., hybrid striped bass, sunfish, tilapia, walleye, and yellow perch • Recreational: bait, biological control, water gardening, and public/private waters • Systems: continued interest and refinement of recirculation systems • ?

35. Impediments • Economics/marketing • Technical information for new species • Drugs and therapeutants • Ability to manage impacts • Regulatory constraints

36. Slide of “Giant” Rainbow Trout Strapped to the Side of a Horse Hopefully, the activities supported by NCRAC will lead to a "giant" fish like this!