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The Filoviridae Family

The Filoviridae Family. Ingrid Jorud Microbiology Conference Session 3 November 2007. Filoviridae Family. This group of viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Two family members have been identified: Marburg and Ebola.

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The Filoviridae Family

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  1. The Filoviridae Family Ingrid Jorud Microbiology Conference Session 3 November 2007

  2. Filoviridae Family • This group of viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. • Two family members have been identified: Marburg and Ebola. • Zoonotic viruses - transmitted to humans from an on going lifecycle in another animal. • The exact mode of transmission from the initial host to a human is not known. However, once a person has contracted the disease, person to person transmission involves close contact or bodily fluid contact.

  3. The Discovery • The family Filoviridae was first discovered in 1967 when lab workers in Marburg, Germany developed hemorrhagic fevers from handling green monkeys. • The first identified outbreaks of Ebola occurred in 1976. Occurring separately, one in Zaire and the other in Sudan. • Sporadic cases have been identified since this time. • Both are Marburg and Ebola are highly lethal and any signs of related activity are closely watched for.

  4. Morphology • Filovirus virons have several shapes. • Long, sometimes branched filaments & shorter filaments shaped like a “6”, a “U”, or a circle. • Enveloped in lipid membranes • Contains one molecule of single stranded, negative-sense RNA. Image courtesy of Russell Regnery, Ph.D., DVRD, NCID, CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/filoviruses.htm#filoimg

  5. Characteristics • 80 nm in diameter with varying lengths up to 1400 nm. • Inactivated in 60°C after 30 min and stable in 15 ° - 20 ° C. • Sensitive to Lipid solvents, phenol, formaldehyde, and infectivity is reduced after irradiation. "Electron micrograph of Zaire Ebola virus. This is the first photo ever taken, on 10/13/1976 by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at UC Davis, then at CDC. Diagnostic specimen in cell culture at 160,000 x magnification.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Images/Murphy/ebola.htm

  6. Virulence Factor • Extra adenosine causes a frame shift allowing synthesis of complete protein. • Two glycoproteins: GP & SGP • GP - immunosuppressive, interfering with bodies response to infection. • SGP - protects as a decoy antigen, binds to neutrophils &interferes with their function.

  7. Signs and Symptoms • Appear within two days to three weeks of initial infection. • Fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. • As it progresses - distinctive hemorrhagic rash, bleeding from the nose, mouth, eyes, ears, and rectum; seizures; coma; and delirium. • Hemorrhagic fevers make blood vessels more permeable causing bleeding that can occurs internally, under the skin, and out or any external portal. • People usually die from the symptoms of the bleeding such as coma and shock.

  8. References • Filovirus Fact Sheet. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/Fact_Sheets/Filovirus_Fact_Sheet.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 2004. Retrieved October 2007. • Filoviridae. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/01.025.htm International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. April 2006. Retrieved October 2007. • Viral Hemorrhagic fevers. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/DS00539/DSECTION=2 Mayo Clinic Staff. June 2007. Retrieved October 2007.

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