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This article explores close-reading techniques and tools for analyzing games as transmedial objects. It discusses the importance of paying attention to medium-specific properties, such as scripts, code, visuals, and sound design. The article also suggests recording gameplay and using screenshots as visual documentation for analysis. Additionally, it emphasizes the use of research diaries to document observations and findings.
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DEFRAGGING TEXTUAL ANALYSIS Tools and Tips for the Qualitative Study of Play
Close-readings are formalreadings, in otherwords, they focus on the artwork ratherthanits readers or the cultural context in which the artwork emerged. They are carefullyconstructed, well-argued and sustainedreadings of texts. The term is closelyconnected to the emergence of newcriticism.
Games are transmedialobjectsthat have manylayers. Reading theirmedium-specificpropertiesmeanspayingattention to scripts, code, rules, butalso to sound, visuals (character and level designs) orembeddedmovies. Games are performances, butcanalsobeunderstoodthroughtheircinematography, sounddesignorstorytelling.
Close-readings are diverse. For instance, games canbeviewedthrough the lense of proceduralrhetorics(Bogost) as rule-driventexts; beperformances (Nitzsche) orsimulations (Frasca) orworlds. Suchconceptscaninform the kind of close-readingthatyouconduct and howyoudemarcate the game as anobject.
Close-readings of games or game tropesmay even focus particularlyonrepresentations/mediationsof gaming, ratherthan the games themselves.
Ifpossible: recordyour game play as fully as possiblesoyoucanrewatch it. Screenshotswill help youremember the important momentstoo. In traditional games, recordingmaynot even bepossibly. Itmay hinder the otherplayers, the room maybenoisy and ethics are involved. (Askforpermission to record!)
Always considerrudimentarybut important thingslikedrawinga map of the space, or a flowchartof the levels, makingnotesof whoparticipates, whatobjects are involved/props Don’tforgetcostumes/attires/mise-en-sceneornoteson sound/music. Some of these canbedoneafter the initialplaythrough, which is whyvisualdocumentation is so important
FRAPS OPEN BROADCAST SOFTWARE
1. Tinkerwithoptions. Resolutionshouldbesame as your monitor
3. Add a sourcewith game capture (right click in sources box, addsource) Tip: Adding to individualscenes is easierthan via globalsources
4. Select program/game (or open game and pressrenew) and assignhotkey
5. Admire preview to seeifeverything is okay and start recording
A research diarywill help you document yourinitialthoughts and findings. Reflectonyour game playexperiences, write down observations and parts of the dialogue, takescreenshotsorphotographs. Dependingonyour project, youmayalso want to store literaturesummaries, conference notes and otherthoughtsrelated to your project.