SRF Linac D evelopment for Indian Energy Program

1. SRF Linac Development for Indian Energy Program Shekhar Mishra Fermilab Rakesh Bhandari and Vinod Sahni VECC & BARC IIFC Collaboration

2. Introduction • Indian Institutions and Fermilab have been collaborating on High Energy Physics, since 1986. • In 2003, Indian Institutions and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) initiated an effort to expand this collaboration to include High Intensity Proton Accelerator R&D and related Physics programs. (http://iifc.fnal.gov) • Indian Department of Atomic Energy Laboratories • BARC, RRCAT, VECC, IGCAR, NFC, TIFR • Universities • IUAC, University of Delhi, Pubjab, IITs, BHU, Cochin, … • Collaboration is doing joint R&D for High Intensity Proton SRF Linac development for their respective programs. • Fermilab • High Energy Physics (HEP), Nuclear Physics (NP), Nuclear Energy (NE) • India • Nuclear Energy Program in India, and HEP, NP and NE at Fermilab

3. Indian DAE: Accelerator

4. BARC-TIFR: Heavy Ion Accelerator Accelerator layout Pelletron Superconducting LINAC Booster Beam hall Superbuncher + 3 Modules Analyzing magnet Helium Refrigerator 4 Modules BARC - TIFR Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility to new beam hall

5. IUAC: Pelletron and SRF Linac Upgrade to ECR based High Current Injector Laboratory capable of developing SRF accelerator

6. VECC: Cyclotron and RIB • Superconducting Cyclotron • Radioactive Ion Beam Facility • R&D on Superconducting RF Linac • Strength • Cryogenic • Mechanical Engineering • RF Power

7. RRCAT: 2.5 GeV Light Source RF Cavities installed in Indus-2 Ring Indus-2 Ring in the Tunnel Transport Line-3 Joining on to Indus-2 Long Straight Section LS-6 Assembly

8. India: LHC Accelerator Contribution MCS (1146 Units) & MCDO (616 Units) 7080 Nos. Magnet Positioning System Jacks Magnetic measurements teams- ~100 Man-years 5500 Nos. Quench Heater Power supplies( QHPS) 1435 Nos. Local Protection Units A part of DAE’s contributions installed in LHC Tunnel at CERN

9. Accelerator Development for ADS Normal Conducting DTL/ CCDTL High current injector 20 MeV, 30 mA SC Linac 100 MeV Proton IS 50 keV RFQ 3 MeV DTL 20 MeV Super- conducting 1 GeV Phase III Phase II Phase 1 Design completed and fabrication is in progress DTL ECR Ion Source RFQ Beginning/End Cell Coupling Cell Elliptical SC Cavity

10. Nuclear Power Reactor Start of construction to power on gridin about Five yrs. Indo-US Nuclear Treaty

11. Indian: 10-15 YearsStrategy • A multi-MW Proton Source is one of part of 3rd stage • Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV could be the accelerator technology demonstration project corresponding to 10s of MW electrical power if applied to a suitable Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor. • Indian DAE laboratories armed with these expertise in accelerator and reactor technologies have proposed to enter in the 3rd stage of its Nuclear Energy Program. 11

12. Fermilab: 10 Years Strategy • A multi-MW Proton Source, Project-X, is the main part of Fermilab’s strategy for future development of the accelerator complex. • 3 MW, CW H- beam at 3 GeV • 2 MW, pulsed beam at 60-120 GeV from the Main Injector 12

13. Jan 2009: Addendum MOU III MOU thatincludes All SRF aspects of High Intensity Proton Accelerator. SRF infrastructure Personnel exchange and Training of manpower Indian Industries involvement Working to expand this collaboration to all aspects of the Linac.

14. Fermilab is developing HIPA (Project-X) as a national project with International participation. Indian DAE laboratories are 1st international partner. Indian Accelerator Program for Nuclear Energy and Fermilab High Intensity Proton Accelerator program are aligned bydesign. Phase I: R&D @ Indian Institutions 650 MHz 0.16-2 GeV SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 β=0.6 β=0.9 ILC 325 MHz 2.5-160 MeV 1.3 GHz 2-3 GeV SRF Infrastructure Indian Institution

15. IUAC: Fabrication of SSR1 • SSR1 cavities are under fabrication at IUAC Major components of SSR1 –  = 0.22, f = 325 MHz

16. RRCAT: Development of Elliptical Cavity • RRCAT is developing a complete SRF facility for elliptical cavities, design, fabrication, processing and testing. Forming Inspection Machining Setting inside IUAC EBW Chamber Formed Niobium Half cell Frequency measurement

17. 1-cell Cavity 2k test result • These cavities have been barrel polished at Fermilab and awaits further processing and testing. • RRCAT in collaboration with IUAC will fabricate 2, 7 cell, 1300 MHz cavities to validate their procedure and infrastructure. • Cavities were processed (ANL) and tested at Fermilab. • No Field Emission • Quench at Equator (~20 MV/m) • The equator weld and welding procedure will need improvements.

18. 650 MHz, 1-cell development • Design and manufacturing of 650 MHz cavity • Calculation of Mechanical Deformation for b = 0.6 and b = 0.9 single cell cavity Both ends fixed One end open Applied Pressure= 2 Bar Applied Pressure =2 bar Max stress = 33.4 MPa Max Displacement= 85.5 um Max stress = 75.4 MPa Max Displacement= 0.942 um

19. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design • Based on TESLA/ILC Cryomodule design: Vacuum Vessel 46 in diameter. • Retaining essential features of T4CM design. • Incorporating Value Engineering Changes. The Cross section The 3-D Model (Under designing) The 3-D Model RRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULE RRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULE

20. SRF Infrastructure Development • Cavity Processing Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011) • The building will house clean rooms Electron Beam welding machine, High Vacuum Annealing Furnace, Electro-polishing setup, Centrifugal barrel polishing machine etc. • SCRF Lab Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011) • The building will house Cavity forming facility, machining facilities, CMM, SIMS, • material testing facility etc

21. Indigenous Development of Nb NFC, Hyderabad (materials development) RRCAT, Indore ( electrical and superconducting properties, elemental analysis)

22. Phase II: Non-SRF Elements • The Phase II of this collaboration is under discussion. It is expected to expand all non SRF areas of Project-X • Tied to the construction of Project-X at Fermilab • Elements of Phase II: • Front End: Source and RFQ • 325 MHz RF Power • Instrumentations and Controls • Superconducting Magnet • Cryogenics

23. BARC: ECR Ion Source • Five electrodes • 2.45 GHz • 50 keV • 50 mA • 0.02  cm-mrad Schematic of the ECR Ion Source Ion source with 3 electrode extraction system made & Testing is in progress

24. BARC: 325 MHz RFQ Design

25. BARC: Solid-state Amplifier • Total Power Gain : 20 dB • 3dB Band width : 10 MHz • No. of modules : 4 plus 1 drive module • Efficiency : 50% • Devices LR301, DMD1029 • VSWR of each Module & Total amplifier : <1.2 RF amplifier set up • Wilkinson designed based power combiners /splitters at 2KW (1:8) and 1KW (1:4) power levels • At 1KW, with transmission loss of < 7%. • Return Loss :> 20dB at combining port and >13 dB at dividing ports • Isolation >28 dB • 8 modules test set-up for 2.5 kW is underway Single RF module 325 MHz 1:8, 2 kW power combiner 1:4, 1 kW power combiner

26. Summary • Indian accelerator laboratories have indigenously build and operate several SRF injectors. • Significant “In-Kind” contribution to LHC • The 3rd stage of the Indian Nuclear Energy program would require a high power proton accelerator for Transmutation and Thorium based reactor. • Indian Institutes and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) are jointly working on all aspects of SRF accelerator R&D • That could lead to high power, CW, SRF Proton Linac in respective countries. • Considerable progress are being made in • Cavity and Cryomodule (325, 650 and 1300 MHz) • SRF Infrastructure • 325 and 650 MHz RF Power • Instrumentation and Controls