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Naming Rules Review

Naming Rules Review. Ionic Compounds. A combination between:. A metal and a non-metal Metals are on the left side of the “staircase” starting at Boron Electrons are donated and accepted. Ionic Compounds. Which ion goes first?. Cation comes first Metal Electron donor Positive ion forms

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Naming Rules Review

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  1. Naming Rules Review

  2. Ionic Compounds • A combination between: • A metal and a non-metal • Metals are on the left side of the “staircase” starting at Boron • Electrons are donated and accepted

  3. Ionic Compounds • Which ion goes first? • Cation comes first • Metal • Electron donor • Positive ion forms • Anion • Non-metal • Electron acceptor • Negative ion forms • E.g. Ca +2 (cation) and Br-1 (anion) makes CaBr2

  4. Ionic Compounds • How to figure out their formulas or What ratios elements will combine in? • Valence shell electrons • Stable octet desires • Lose or gain electrons • Overall neutral charge required • Ca +2 (loses 2 electrons) and Br-1 (gains 1 electron EACH) makes CaBr2 • Ionic charge reflects electron:proton ratio

  5. Ionic Compounds • How to write their names: • Use Periodic Table to find out names from symbols • Drop the usual ending from the anion and add “-ide” • E.g. NaBr is sodium bromide (not bromine)

  6. Ionic Compounds • When to use Roman numerals: • For cations (metals) that have multiple combining capacities • E.g. Iron can donate two or three electrons, so we name them: • Iron (II) • Iron (III)

  7. Ionic Compounds • Where do Roman numerals go in the name? • AFTER the cation (metal) • E.g. Iron (II) phosphide

  8. Ionic Compounds • What is a polyatomic ion? • A group of atoms that behave as an anion or cation unit • E.g. OH-

  9. Ionic Compounds • How do polyatomic ions change naming rules? • The ending may not be “-ide”, but will be the name of the ACTUAL polyatomic ion • E.g. beryllium nitrite is Be(NO2)2

  10. Ionic Compounds • The only polyatomic ion to end in “ide”: • Hydroxide, OH- • E.g. beryllium hydroxide is Be(OH)2

  11. Covalent Compounds • A combination between: • A non-metal and a non-metal • Electron sharing

  12. Covalent Compounds • How are the naming rules different than ionic compounds? • Names use prefixes to indicate the formula subscripts • Mono- (1) • Di- (2) • Tri- (3) • Tetra- (4) • Penta- (5) • Hexa -(6) • Etc.

  13. Covalent Compounds • E.g. Carbon tetraflourideis CF4 • The prefix “mono-” not always used (see above example), but can be useful for differentiating between two compounds. • E.g. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

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