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Aula Teórica 12

Aula Teórica 12. Equação de Bernoulli. Bernoulli’s Equation. Let us consider a Stream - pipe such as indicated in the figure and an ideal fluid (without viscosity) . Using the mass and momentum conservation principles, obtain an equation relating the energy in two sections.

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Aula Teórica 12

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  1. AulaTeórica 12 Equação de Bernoulli

  2. Bernoulli’s Equation • Let us consider a Stream - pipe such as indicated in the figure and an ideal fluid (without viscosity) . • Using the mass and momentum conservation principles, • obtain an equation relating the energy in two sections.

  3. Mass conservation • Being a stream pipe there is flow on the tops only.

  4. Performing a mass balance Below we will use:

  5. Momentum Balance

  6. Forces

  7. Bernoulli’s Equation

  8. Considerations • The Mechanical energy remains constant along a streamline in steady, incompressible, frictionless flow. • Pressure is a form of energy: is the energy (work) necessary for moving a unit of volume from a region with null pressure into a region of pressure P. • Total pressure: • Piezometric Pressure:

  9. Problems

  10. Nozzle: compute the force knowing the discharge.

  11. Chaminé • Considere uma chaminé que escoa um gás cuja massa volúmica é 1.1 kgm-3 relacione a velocidade à saída com a altura da chaminé e com a massa volúmica do ar exterior. A equação de Bernoulli só é aplicável se as propriedades do fluido forem uniformes e por isso pode ser aplicada no interior da chaminé ou no exterior, mas não para relacionar pontos do interior com pontos do exterior. A diferença de pressões entre a entrada e a saída da chaminé é determinada pelas condições exteriores:

  12. Chaminé - Resolução

  13. Considere o escoamento num tubo de Ventouri cuja área de entrada (e saída) é de 5 cm2 e na garganta é 2 cm. Se o fluido que circula no Ventouri for ar e h for 10 cm de água, determine o caudal que circula no Ventouri. h

  14. The Energy Equation • Let us consider a control volume, and apply the Reynolds theorem to the Energy conservation principle. • If we assume • uniform properties at the inlet and outlet, • Steady conditions and incompressible and adiabatic flow. • We will obtain a generalised form of the Bernoulli’s equation.

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