Ch. 16 Notes

1. Ch. 16 Notes Civil War And Reconstruction of the South Post-Civil War

2. Timeline of the Civil War • 1861: Union Blockade • 1862: Battle of Antietam • 1862: Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation Battle of Fort Pulaski Battle of Chickamauga • 1863: Battle of Gettysburg • Gettysburg Address • 1864: Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign Battle of Peachtree Creek Battle of Atlanta Battle of Ezra Church • Nov. 1864 : Sherman’s March to the Sea

3. Union Blockade (1861) • North’s attempt to use their superior Navy to prevent the South from shipping cotton in exchange for weapons to use in the fight against the North. • Referred to as the “Anaconda Plan” because the North was trying to “squeeze” off the South’s access to resources • Proved to be a major factor in the U.S. winning the Civil War

4. Battle of Antietam (1862) • Bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War • Death toll: 23,000+ lives • No clear winner, but the North took it as a win • Lincoln gave his famous “Emancipation Proclamation” speech

5. The Emancipation Proclamation (1862) • Issued by Lincoln • Stated that all slaves would be freed on Jan. 1, 1863. • Slavery would end once the war was over.

6. Battle of Fort Pulaski (1862) • Led to North’s control of the Georgia coast • Led to the EXPANSION of the Union blockage of Southern ports and the South’s ability to trade cotton for more weapons

7. Battle of Chickamauga (1862) • Georgia was left virtually untouched during the first 3 years of the Civil War • 2nd bloodiest battle • Death toll: 34,000+ • Largest battle ever fought in the state of GA • The North wanted to capture Chattanooga which was an important railway center • Chattanooga was a stepping stone towards obtaining Atlanta which was the South’s main railway hub • The North LOST • Significant for 2 reasons: • Largest Union defeat in the west • Made the Union so mad, they captured it shortly after from the South

8. Battle of Gettysburg (1863) • Turning point in the Civil War • Fought near Gettysburg, PA • Death toll: 50,000+ • Lee failed to gain the upper-hand in the battle and retreated back to Virginia • Lincoln gave his famous “Gettysburg Address” • Explained the rationale for the war and why so many men died in honor of that belief.

9. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign (1864) • Sherman’s actions during the Civil War make him one of the most hated figures in GA’s history. • Part of “Sherman’s March” • Sherman set out to capture Atlanta because it was a huge railroad hub for the South • The Atlanta Campaign lasted 4 months • Atlanta was taken via several small battles and not one large battle • Battle of Peachtree Creek • Battle of Atlanta • Battle of Ezra Church • Atlanta was left in burning ruins when Sherman left to march towards the Atlantic.

10. Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864) • With the goal of ending the war as quick as possible, Sherman began to march to the sea. • The march began in Nov. 1864 • War ended in Dec. 1864 upon Sherman’s capture of Savannah • There were hardly any Confederate troops to stand in Sherman’s way because of the losses sustained in previous battles around ATL. • Savannah surrendered to Sherman to avoid being burned to the ground like other towns between Atlanta and the coast.

11. Andersonville Prison • Most notorious Civil War prison camp • Built to hold only 10,000 prisoners • Over 30,000 prisoners resided there • The water source backed up and became polluted with human waste. • Over 13,000 men died due to horrible conditions. • The North executed the commander of the prison camp for war crimes