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Bell Ringer – 9/13

Bell Ringer – 9/13 . None today We will start bell ringers again on TUESDAY. I will not be here again on MONDAY (presenting at a conference) so we’ll wait until Tuesday to get them going again. I will have your binder grades, and first Bell Ringers grades for you on Tuesday .

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Bell Ringer – 9/13

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  1. Bell Ringer – 9/13 • None today • We will start bell ringers again on TUESDAY. I will not be here again on MONDAY (presenting at a conference) so we’ll wait until Tuesday to get them going again. • I will have your binder grades, and first Bell Ringers grades for you on Tuesday. • You’ll get your TEST GRADES at the end of class today • ANYONE WHO WASN’T HERE ON WEDNESDAY IS TAKING THE TEST TODAY! • NEW TAB IN YOUR BINDERS!!! • Everything will now go behind the RENAISSANCE TAB

  2. What was going on? A brief look at where Visual Art, Music, Dance, and Drama were BEFORE the Renaissance

  3. Painting

  4. Painting • Roman Christian paintings had a practical intent and started on coffins and tombs • The Good Shepherd: on an ancient tomb

  5. Painting • Early Christian paintings were primitive • Reflection • Lack of technical ability • Pictoralize the faith – artistic skill not important • Paintings depicted Christian history

  6. Painting • New 2-dimensional art form: on the beautifully illustrated pages of scholarly Church manuscripts • Inaccurate proportions • Carelessly executed details • Bad perspective • Few colors

  7. Painting • Moved to large tempera panels • Tempera: a painting medium in which egg yolk acts as a binder for the pigment, usually applied to panels that had been prepared with a coating of ground chalk or plaster and glue • An application of gold leaf and an under-painting in green or brown preceded the application of the tempera paint • Paintings were larger than anything that had ever been attempted

  8. Giotto Cimabue Duccio

  9. Giott0 – Madonna Enthroned • Central focus is even more human, warm, and 3-dimensional • Sense of drama with lower viewpoint • The throne encloses the Madonna and cuts her off from the background • Creates a texture in the colored marble surfaces

  10. Sculpture

  11. Sculpture • Minor role initially • The Old Testament prohibited graven images • Christian sculpture was not monumental, but rather funerary (used for burial) up to this point • The earliest examples are all on coffins

  12. Sculpture • The Gero Crucifix • Realistic crucified Christ • Downward and forward sagging body pulls against the nails • Emotional • Expressive detail: muscles, bulging belly, and rendering of cloth • Human form, but flesh, hair, and cloth do not have expected soft texture • Face – agony! • Sculpture was MUCH MORE technically accurate than painting

  13. Sculpture • Decorative elements attached to Romanesque architecture • Stone sculpture • Became monumental • Reemerged in the 11th century • Sculpture applied to exteriors of buildings where the worshipper could see and respond

  14. Sculpture • Illiterate masses could now read the message of the Church • In the center, the figure of Christ

  15. Sculpture • Early architectural sculpture was subordinate to the overall design of the building • Later work claimed attention on its own • Didactic: designed to teach • Straightforward lessons

  16. Music

  17. Sacred Music • Gregorian Chant • Also known as plainchant or plainsong • Developed for use in Christian worship services • Designed to carry the prayer to God • Pope Gregory I supervised the selection of melodies and tests and compiled them for Church services – that’s why they’re named after him

  18. Gregorian Chant • Vocal • In Latin • Used notes relatively near each other on the musical scale • Monophonic • Having a single melodic line • Only 1 vocal line • Many people may be singing, but they’re all singing the exact same words, on the exact same pitches, at the exact same time • NO accompaniment

  19. Gregorian Chant • Flexible tempo • Unmeasured rhythms followed the natural accents of normal Latin speech • You can’t really tap your foot • Two types of Chant setting • Syllabic: each syllable of the chant was given one note • Melismatic: each syllable was spread over several notes

  20. Syllabic Chant • Started with one note • Would change note to represent the start or end of the chant • Could change notes at “commas” in the text • Eventually just meant one note per syllable • One Note per Syllable Example: Sancte Michael • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=712QrVEkaAo

  21. Melismatic Chant • Started to elaborate and decorate certain syllables • Neume: group of notes on one syllable • Could be 2, could be 15 • Example: Dominica in Albis - Alleluia, In die • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FUCZl9dytM&feature=BFa&list=PLA5694801C624D517

  22. Sacred Music • Between the 10th and 13th centuries, churches began to add a second line • Melodies became more and more independent of each other and differed rhythmically as well as melodically • Polyphony: having two independent melodies going on at once • No melody was more important than another • Example: Kyrie • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRQ3gu3g9OM&feature=bf_next&list=PL98EA6FDD17D25FF7&lf=bf_next

  23. Music • Music gradually became more formal in notation and in structure • Musicians felt the need to write down compositions note by note • They used to simply write down patterns – when to go up and down. Now they’re writing down exactly which pitches to go to

  24. Music • Originally, music was transmitted from performer to performer or from teacher to student • Standardized musical notation, however, made it possible for the composer to transmit ideas directly to the performer • The role of the performer changed • The vehicle of transmission and interpretation in the process of musical communication • In the 12th century, composers in Paris developed innovations in rhythm • Measured rhythm: definite time values and precise meters

  25. Early verses High • Early Middle Ages High Middle Ages

  26. Secular Music • Used vernacular texts in the language of the common people • Medieval poems • Subject: mostly love (similar to today) • Strophic: composed of several stanzas that were sung to the same melody • Today, each verse of a pop tune (different words, same melody) • Example: Középkori világi zene / Medieval Secular Music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1uBDX-f2rM&playnext=1&list=PL2D85733E9B4A8C48

  27. Musical Instruments • Lyre

  28. Musical Instruments • Harp

  29. Musical Instruments • Vielle/Fiedel (violin/fiddle)

  30. Musical Instruments • Lute • Flute

  31. Musical Instruments • Shawm • Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egifq8lEEu0

  32. Musical Instruments • Bagpipes

  33. Musical Instruments • Portable organs • Eventually found its way into the church

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