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Do Now:. Why was the period called Reconstruction?. Unit 5-Expanding Rights For African Americans. Rebuilding the South after the Civil War was not easy.

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  1. Do Now: • Why was the period called Reconstruction?

  2. Unit 5-Expanding Rights For African Americans Rebuilding the South after the Civil War was not easy.

  3. This time period after the Civil War in American History is called Reconstruction1865-1877.Defined as the period when the United States made policies to rebuild the South after the Civil War. Started by Lincoln but he was assassinated April 14, 1865, his VP Andrew Johnson would take over

  4. Main Problems: • President Lincoln was killed and Andrew Johnson takes over. • North wins but South needs to be rebuilt. • What do you do with the freed slaves? (About 4 million)

  5. Southern Cities like Richmond were ruined 40% of livestock were killed 50% of farm machinery was destroyed

  6. 13th Amendment passed in 1865… • 13th Amendment: abolished (ended) slavery 1865 after the Civil War • 40 Acres & a mule: Sherman orders land in GA & SC to be given to former slaves but Pres. Johnson vetoed it • Freedman’s Bureau: established by Lincoln to aide freed slaves (Bill later vetoed by Johnson).

  7. White reaction in the South • Private white groups were formed to maintain white control in the South • One group formed in 1866 was the Klu Klux Klan. The KKK terrorized African Americans and whites who supported equality.

  8. Government reaction • Many Northerners and Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to pass laws to make sure all people had equality (including former slaves). • So they passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 giving African Americans the same legal rights as white Americans. • BUT…

  9. President Andrew Johnson vetoed it. Congress fought back passing the 14th Amendment giving all Americans equal protection under the law. This includes due process, the equal protection clause AND citizenship. Then 2 years later the 15th Amendment gave all men the right to vote.

  10. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) -Discuss H.W. -Who was Homer Plessy? -Why is this case important?

  11. Around the Room Activity A look at four stations: -State segregation laws -Lynching -Poll Taxes & Grandfather Clause -Literacy Tests

  12. Do Now: • What are two ways Southern states tried to get around the Reconstruction Amendments?

  13. How Were African American Men Prevented from Voting? • Poll Tax: Charged a tax to vote • Literacy Test: had to pass a test • Registering to vote was hard • Grandfather clause: if your grandfather could vote you had the right to vote. Helped whites who could not pass the test or afford the tax.

  14. The fight for land… • Owning land was a symbol of freedom to freedmen in the rural South. • But, landowners would not sell to African Americans since it would give former slaves power. • So many became sharecroppers- instead of working for money farmers worked for a share in the landowners’ crop.

  15. Plessy V. Ferguson • Plessy was a light skinned black man who sat in a white train car in Louisiana. • Arrested when refused to move. • Plessy argues the 13th and 14th Amendments give him equal rights • Supreme Court rules “separate but equal” and legalizes segregation throughout the south. • Known as the time period of “Jim Crow”

  16. Segregation • Segregation: separate by race, religion, gender, nationality, etc • De jure Segregation: by law • De facto Segregation: not by law but usually economic • Jim Crows Laws: (1876-1965) De jure segregation varied throughout the country

  17. Jim Crow Picture Analysis: • With a partner evaluate the following images regarding the Jim Crow time period. • For each picture write a two-three sentence caption of what you think the picture is saying or about. • How is segregation applied here.

  18. One

  19. Two

  20. Three

  21. Four

  22. Brown V. Board of Education • 1954 Topeka, Kansas • 7 yr old Linda Brown lives closer to a white school but must go to the black school • Parents said violated equal protection • Court ruled separate but equal unconstitutional in SCHOOLS! • Schools desegregated • *Started the Modern Day CIVIL Rights Movement

  23. Reconstruction ended (Exit slip) What are good and bad things this time period left behind?

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