Mid-Air Collision Avoidance Road Show Briefing

1. Mid-Air Collision AvoidanceRoad Show Briefing Lt Col Ned Linch Chief of Flight Safety12th AF

2. Overview • Purpose of MACA (Mid Air Collision Avoidance program) • Recent mishaps and close calls • Profile of a mid-air • Techniques to avoid a close encounter • Scan patterns • MOAs • Flight Planning tips / How to navigate MOAs • Restricted Airspace (Goldwater ranges) • www.SeeAndAvoid.org web site

3. Why is MACA important?

4. F-16 near miss with light twin

5. High profile mishaps • 1978: Pacific Southwest 727 / C-172 • 1980: F-111D / Cessna 206G • 1986: Aeromexico DC-9 / Piper PA-28 • 1987: Mooney M20 / SkyWest SA227 Metroliner • 1987: US Army King Air / Piper Chieftain • 1992: MU-2 / Piper Saratoga • 1998: CE525 / C-172 • 2000: F-16 / C-172 • 2000: Learjet 55 / Extra 300S • 2000: Gulfstream GIII / King Air C90 • 2006: Hawker 800XP / Schleicher sailplane

6. Why the passion • Near misses from both sides of the fence • F-16 / C-172 • F-111 / F-16 • Piper Warrior / F-16 • F-16 / F-16 • 727 & MD88 TCAS RA • Seen multiple MOA and Restricted area near misses

7. Profile of a Midair 15.6 mid-air collision/year 577 near-misses reported/yr • Pleasure flight with no flight plan • Day VFR on the weekend • Faster aircraft overtaking • First solo to 15,000 hours • Uncontrolled airspace below 3000’ • En-route: below 8000 feet within 25 miles of airport • CFIs on-board 37% of the time

8. Techniques to avoid a close encounter • Flight planning “Plan Ahead” • SeeandAvoid.org and Aeroplanner.com • MACA pamphlets • File a flight plan via Flt Service • “See and Avoid” • Scan / Clear flight path • GPS moving map to avoid SUA (“Special Use Airspace”…MOAs, Restricted Areas, Alert Areas…) • Avoid marginal weather near SUA • Avoid high density traffic areas or low level routes • ie. Within 5 miles of Luke AFB, SFC to 11,000’ • Grand Avenue / Rwy 21 approach at Luke • Scan pattern • Communicate • Flight following • Be Seen • Squawk, Lights, strobes, color of aircraft (Note: F-16 radars may not see you)

9. Guide to an efficient scan • STEP 1: LOOK OUTSIDE ! • “Side to Side” • Start from far left and make a methodical sweep to the right • Pausing at different intervals to focus (every 10-15 deg) • At the end, return to instruments for a cross check • “Front to Side” • Start by focusing in the center of your visual field • Move your eyes to the left, focusing in each area • Then, back to the center and scan right. • Remember to search above and below the horizon. Traffic conflicts often occur while one aircraft is transiting the flight path of another. • “Near Rocks, Far Rocks” then a task • The NTSB has found "failure to see and avoid, inadequate visual lookout, or failure to maintain visual and physical clearance" as the probable cause in 94 percent of the inflight collisions. • Time to recognize, decide and execute = 12.7 seconds • See and Avoid prevents 97% of possible collisions (101-199 knots) and 47 percent when closing speed is greater than 400 knots • Human visual systems: attuned to detecting movement but less effective for stationary objects • 1976 study: VFR private pilots spend only 50% outside scanning / 40% on dept and app

10. What is a MOA? • Military Operations Area (MOA) • “Established to separate certain military activities from IFR traffic and to identify for VFR aircraft where these activities are conducted.” • Can you fly through a MOA? • Yes! • Is it smart? • NO!!!!!!! • Are there exceptions? • Yes • What is going on inside the MOA?

11. Nothing new under the sun

12. AVQ to Las Vegaswww.Aeroplanner.com

13. Bagdad MOA (Luke F-16s) -Tucson and Phoenix to Las Vegas -Popular route -One of the most active MOAs -F-16s Day and Night -Air to Air Training -Night A-A and A-G -Near misses are routine -Stay below the MOA or go around it

14. Luke AFB reported near misses

15. How to navigate MOAs • Flight plan using “www.aeroplanner.com” • Increase awareness with “www.SeeAndAvoid.org” • Check scheduled times • Sectional chart information – “big picture” coverage • Ask Flight Service or ATC • Use Flight Following in high concentration areas, near MOAs, or at night • If you must transit then, • Cheat toward the edges and clear toward the center • Think formation…if you see one, you might see more • Air-to-Air engagement floor is 5000’ AGL • Be seen – lights, strobes, color of aircraft

16. Restricted Areas • “Denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery fire, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles” • Barry Goldwater Ranges • Stay North of I-8 • F-16s, A-10s and F/A18s dropping bombs from altitudes up to 24,000 feet • Low and High Angle strafe • IFR and VFR traffic only authorized by the controlling ATC facility

17. Range 4

18. Range 4 up close

19. North TAC

20. North TAC up close

21. North TAC in relation to I-8

22. Sectional Chart view

23. www.SeeAndAvoid.org • ANG developed MACA Web-based site @ www.SeeAndAvoid.org • Goal – eliminate midair collisions and reduce close calls • Provides one-stop shopping to allow all to safely share the skies • Allows links to all existing military MACA programs in a single • web site when populated • Targets two groups: (1) General aviation pilots encouraging them • to use seeandavoid.org as part of their flight planning, • (2) military safety officers with the opportunity to create a web- • based MACA educational and public outreach program

24. www.SeeAndAvoid.org • Public website • User friendly • Google map/satellite overlay • Ability to display all military airspace

25. The bottom line

27. Questions?