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Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800)

Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800). Lesson 3 – Central European Monarchs Clash. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648). It began in Czech. as a religious war when future HRE Ferdinand II of Bohemia closed Protestant churches & began a revolt.

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Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800)

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  1. Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800) Lesson 3 – Central European Monarchs Clash

  2. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) • It began in Czech. as a religious war when future HRE Ferdinand II of Bohemia closed Protestant churches & began a revolt. • Drew many other nations/ kingdoms in to prevent Hapsburgs from taking all of Germany & becoming the dominant power of Europe. • For the 1st 12 yrs. Austrian & Sp. Troops racked up many victories over Protestant princes. Ferdinand’s armies were paid with loot they stole as they plundered & robbed.

  3. GustavusAdolphfusTurns the Tide against the Hapsburgs • Led 23,000 soldiers across Baltic Sea in 1630 b/c Cath. Forces threatened to attack Protestant Sweden. He was killed in 1632. • Cardinals Richelieu & Mazarin of France sent French troops vs. Hapsburgs to protect power of king. • The war did great damage to Germany as its pop. Fell from 20 M to 16 M. Trade & agriculture ruined.

  4. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) The Results • Ger. not unified for 200 + yrs. • The goal of a united Europe under the HRE & Catholic church would never happen. • Fr. gained some Ger. territory • Marked the further decline of Spain & weakened Austria • Ended Religious Wars in Europe • New method of peace negotiation

  5. Exit Slip – The Thirty Years War • The Thirty years war began in Bohemia as conflict over land and __________. a. gold b. serfdom c. religion • ______ paid his army of 125,000 by allowing them to rob Protestant German villages. a. Ferdinand II b. Charles V c. Phillip II • GustavusAdolphus from ______ turned tide of war against the Hapsburgs in 1630. a. Finland b. Scotland c. Sweden • This nation would remain a divided country due to the destruction caused by the war? a. Spain b. Germany c. Austria

  6. States Form in Central Europe • Serfs couldn’t move freely to towns b/c nobles wanted large harvests to sell in W. Europe. • Nobles often elected kings (i.e. Poland) & purposely kept them weak (low income, no standing army, no law courts) as a result, strong states were slow to form. • The two empires there were weak and in decline: The Ottoman Empire (after 1529) & HRE after 30 Yrs. War. • 2 Ger.-speaking families will change this: Hapsburgs & Hohenzollerns will form absolute monarchies.

  7. Austria Rebounds • Austria, Hungary, Bohemian crowns united by 1699. Charles VI (1711-1717) wanted his daughter Maria Theresa (1717 – 1780) to he his heir. • Her main threat would come from Prussia (Germany) from the north. • Her famous daughter, Marie Antoinette would wed King Louis XVI of France – remember that.

  8. The Rise of Prussia (N. Ger.) • 1640 – Frederick Wm. Hohenzollern (aka The Great Elector of Brandenburg) (20 yrs. Old) said a strong army = safety (saw destruction of 30 YRS War) • King Wm. Frederick I began to move to absolutism w/ an army 80,000 strong paid for by permanent taxation. • The Junkers (nobility) cooperated b/c he made them officers in army. • Prussia became rigidly controlled & highly militarized by early 1700s.

  9. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48) • Frederick the Great (1712-1786) became king of Prussia in 1740 & Maria Theresa became queen of Austria 5 months later. • He saw her as weak. He wanted Silesia (Austria), rich in iron, textiles, & agriculture & sent army to take it. • Hungary & Great Britain joined Aust. & France joined Prussia. • Prussia won Silesia & became major power in Europe.

  10. The Seven Years (1756-1763) • Maria decided Fr. Kings were no longer a threat & made alliance w/ Fr. and Russia • Prussia allied w/ G.Br. • 1756 –Frederick attacked Saxony; Austria’s ally & war spread to N. Am. & Asia • France was expelled in N. Am. & gained power in India.

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