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The Cold War Turns Hot

The Cold War Turns Hot. Chapter 27, Section 2. Growing Interest in Asia . Events in Asia effected the U.S. in many ways For 100 years American ship traded with China and Japan 1899-1946 U.S. governed the Philippines Attack on Pearl Harbor proved U.S. could not ignore events.

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The Cold War Turns Hot

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  1. The Cold War Turns Hot Chapter 27, Section 2

  2. Growing Interest in Asia • Events in Asia effected the U.S. in many ways • For 100 years American ship traded with China and Japan • 1899-1946 U.S. governed the Philippines • Attack on Pearl Harbor proved U.S. could not ignore events

  3. Growing Interest in Asia • Would communism spread to newly independent nations • Some communist rebels were fighting for independence in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian lands

  4. People’s Republic of China • 1940’s Chiang Kai-shek was the ruler of China • For years he had fought Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong • 1945 Mao’s forces occupied northern China • Chiang’s armies occupied the south

  5. People’s Republic of China • U.S. gave Chiang millions of dollars in aid • Chiang’s government was corrupt and he lost the support of his people

  6. People’s Republic of China • 1949 Communist won the battle for the Chinese mainland • Mao Zedong set up the People’s Republic of China • Chiang returned to Taiwan

  7. People’s Republic of China • Chinese communist did not always agree with the Soviet Union • However the two nations dominated almost ¼ of the earth’s surface • Americans worries communist forces would take over all of Asia

  8. Fighting in Korea • 1910 to 1945 Korea had been a Japanese colony • After WWII Korea was divided at the 38th parallel of latitude • North Korea was governed by communist supported in the Soviet Union • South Korea was a noncommunist government backed by the U.S.

  9. Fighting in Korea • 1950 North Korea soldiers crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea • Truman asked the U.N. to send armed forces to stop the invasion

  10. Setting up a UN force • Truman chose General Douglas MacArthur as general of the UN force • 80% of the UN forces were American

  11. A daring counterattack • MacArthur’s job was to push the North Koreans out of South Korea • UN forces were outnumbered • 1950 North Korean communists controlled almost all of South Korea

  12. A daring counterattack • MacArthur launched a counterattack • Landed by sea at Inchon, behind North Korean lines • Caught by surprise North Koreans were forces back across the 38th parallel

  13. Chinese invasion • Truman and his advisors wanted to punish North Koreans for their aggression • Also wanted to unite the two Koreans • UN approved MacArthur to cross into North Korea • When UN forces neared the Chinese border thousands of Chinese helped push UN troops back into South Korea

  14. Ending the War • MacArthur was convinces that the UN could win in Korea only if it attacked China • Truman worried an attack on China would start another World War • Truman wanted t limit the war and restore the boundary between North and South Korea

  15. Truman fires MacArthur • MacArthur complained publicly that politicians in Washington were holding him back • Truman fired the General • Many Americans were furious and gave MacArthur a hero’s welcome • Truman argued that constitutionally it is the President that is commander in chief and he had the power to make key decisions about war and peace

  16. Cease-fire • 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President • He journeyed to Korea to get peace talks moving • 1953 signed a cease-fire agreement ending the war

  17. Cease-fire • 54,000 Americans lost their lives in the Korean War • 2 million Koreans and Chinese were killed

  18. Cease-fire • The Korean War changes nothing • It set the border between North and South Korea back around the 38th parallel • UN had pushed back North Korea’s invasion • US and their allies showed that they were ready to fight communist expansion

  19. Hunting Communists at Home • Cold War tensions fed fear of communism at home: Red Scar • US officials announced they detected radiation from a secret test of atomic weapons in the Soviet Union • US was no longer the only nation with an atomic bomb

  20. Hunting Communists at Home • 1946-1950 people in the US, Canada, and Britain were arrested as Soviet spies • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed for stealing secrets about nuclear weapons

  21. McCarthy’s reckless claim • Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin announced he has a list of 205 State Department employees who were Communist party members • His claim was never proven • Won him national attention

  22. McCarthy’s reckless claim • During the next four years he made more accusations about communist in the government • Little evidence of communist activity was found • McCarthy’s campaign sent fear and suspicion across the nation

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