Agenda

1. N. Hatziargyriou (Greece), C. Schwaegerl (Germany)CIGRE SC C6Global activities to establish SmartGrids – an overview(English/German)

2. Agenda Role of CIGRE SC C6 Results from CIGRE Working Groups

3. CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems), based in France and founded in 1921, is one of the leading worldwide Organizations on Electric Power Systems, covering their technical, economic, environmental, organisational and regulatory aspects. It is a permanent, non-governmental and non-profit International Association. Aim is to develop and distribute technical knowledge in the field of electricity: Facilitate the exchange of information between engineering personnel and specialists in all countries and develop knowledge in power systems. Add value to the knowledge and information exchanged by synthesizing state-of-the-art world practices. Make managers, decision-makers and regulators aware of the synthesis of CIGRE's work, in the area of electric power. What is CIGRE?

4. CIGRE’s technical activities are split into 16 fields, each under the responsibility of a Study Committee. A1 Rotating Electrical Machines A2 Transformers A3 High Voltage Equipment B1 Insulated Cables B2 Overhead Lines B3 Substations B4 HVDC and Power Electronics B5 Protections and Automations CIGRE Study Committees C1 System Development and Economics C2 System Control and Operation C3 System Environmental Performance C4 System Technical Performance C5 Electricity Markets and Regulation C6 Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation D1 Materials and Emerging Test Techniques D2 Information Systems and Telecommunications The Study Committee co-ordinates the studies of its field. Approximately 200 Working Groups are constantly operating, grouping together over 2000 experts.

5. Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption and target for 2020 (%) Increasing Importance of Distributed Generation and Distribution Systems • EC 20-20-20 targets: 20% Reduction in energy consumption20% Renewable Energy20% Reduction of Green- house Gas emissions EC 2050 Vision: Complete decarbonisation source: Eurostat

6. Increasing Shares of Renewable Generation EU-27, Contribution of electricity from renewables to total electricity consumption Installed capacity for electricity generation from renewables, EU-27 (GW) source: Eurostat

7. Chair: Nikos HatziargyriouSecretary: Christine Schwaegerl Main Technical directions To study the connection and the integration of distributed energy resources (DER), including small size generators, storage and relevant power electronic devices To study the application of the DER concept as a part of the medium-long term evolution of distribution systems (Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks) To study actions and processes for demand management and customers integration To study the subject of rural electrification SC C6 - Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation … to cover all aspects of Smart Distribution Grids

8. Areas currently covered by CIGRE SC C6 Network of the future Backbone – Information - Player Source: Peter Birkner, “Subgroup on Smart Grids”, www.ec.europa.eu/energy

9. TF C6.04.02 ' Computational Tools and Techniques for Analysis, Design and Validation of Distributed Generation Systems' (Kai Strunz, TU Berlin), finished WG C6.05 'Technical and Economic impact of DG on Transmission and Generation' (Goran Strbac, UK), finished WG C6.08 'Integration of large share of fluctuating generation' (Harald Weber, Uni Rostock), finished JWG C3.05/C6.14 'Environmental Impact of Dispersed Generation' (E. Lakervi) JWG C1/C2/C6.18 'Coping with limits for very high penetrations of renewable energy' (Wil Kling, the Netherlands) SC C6 Working Groups: Connection and Integration of DER … for members free download of technical brochures at www.e-cigre.org

10. WG C6.11 'Development and operation of active distribution networks‘ (Christian D’Adamo, Italy), finished WG C6.15 'Electric Energy Storage Systems' (Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Uni Magdeburg), finished WG C6.19 'Planning and optimization methods for active distribution systems' (F. Pilo, Italy) WG C6.20 'Integration of electric vehicles in electric power systems‘ (J. A. Pecas Lopes, Portugal) WG C6.22 'Microgrids Evolution Roadmap' (Chris Marnay, USA) SC C6 Working Groups: DER as part of the Medium-Long Term Evolution of Distribution Systems

11. SC C6 Working Groups Demand Management and Customer Integration • WG C6.09 'Demand Side Response' (Alex Baitch, Australia), finished • WG C6.21 'Smart Metering – state of the art, regulation, standards and future requirements' (Eduardo Navarro, Spain) Rural Electrification • WG C6.16 'Technologies employed in rural electrification' (Trevor Gaunt, South Africa)

12. Agenda Role of CIGRE SC C6 Results from CIGRE Working Groups

13. Duration:2004 - 2010 Scope: Investigate and describe various drivers for Demand Side Integration (DSI) Describe role of DG in various countries to affect impact of on various drivers of DSI Investigate role and Importance of ICT Describe various forms of DSI and extent of impact Investigate available knowledge of demand elasticity of demand and extent to which price signals impact demand Investigate role and responsibilities of network owners and responsibilities Investigate what changes need to be implemented WG C6.09 Demand Side Response (Integration)

14. WG C6.09 Demand Side Response (Integration) Classification Criteria for Demand Response Programs and Initiatives

15. WG C6.09 Actions Demand Side Integration (DSI) Definitions: • DSI refers to the overall technical area focused on advancing the efficient and effective use of electricity in support of power systems and customer needs • DSI covers all activities focused on advancing end-use efficiency and effective electricity utilization, including demand response and energy efficiency

16. WG C6.09 Cost – Benefit Comparison of DSI

17. WG C6.09 - Networks required for lntegration of Generation and Demand Regional Example Spain: Geographical distribution wind, CHP capacity and interruptible loads (Source REE)

18. WG C6.09 – Detailed analysis of worldwide activities Example: Analysis of 50 case studies and research projects by IEA DSMTask XVII

19. WG C6.09 – ROLE OF ICT IN IMPLEMENTATION OF DSI Basic requirements • trigger DSI opportunities • measure the consumer performance • properly settle the event (potentially with both the consumer and the wholesale marketplace) Functions • Notification • Measurement • Compliance • Settlement • Automated controls

20. Duration:2008 - 2011 Scope:to evaluate different storage technologies and their commercial backgrounds WG C6.15 Storage Great emphasis is given to the integration and support of power networks which have a high penetration of dispersed generation (DG) and renewable based generation (RES). 2008 Wind power: 66 [GW] PV power: 9 [GW]

21. WG C6.15 – European scenario for renewable generation Pump storage Pump storage Pump load Pump load P, % P, % 100 100 75 75 Maximal generation from CHPs and renewable generation 50 50 25 25 h conventional generation Medium generation from CHPs and renewable generation 50 % conventional generation -25 Storage Load management Generation CHPs and RG SET – Plan for Europe – 2020 – 635 GW in RG+CHP 2020 low load condition 2020 high load condition 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 h GEN surplus Surplus of renewable & CHP generation power during low load condition has to be managed in future! 25.08.2010 21

22. WG C6.15 – Vehicles to Grid: pro et contra Pollution reduction Reinforcement of the grid Primary and secondary reserve Life time of the battery 25.08.2010 Cigré Session 2010 22

23. Duration:2008 - 2011 Scope: Assessment of network requirements for the operation of DER Identification of enabling technologies and review the most relevant features of ADN Definition of limits/barriers Evolution in regulatory aspects WG C6.11 Active Distribution Networks

24. Active distribution networks have systems in place to control a combination of distributed energy resources (DERs), defined as generators, loads and storage. • Distribution system operators (DSOs) have the possibility of managing the electricity flows using a flexible network topology. • DERs take some degree of responsibility for system support, which will depend on a suitable regulatory environment and connection agreement. WG C6.11 - Active Distribution Networks (ADN)Definitions

25. WG C6.11- ADN OPERATION • Operation rules • Different regulations • No islanding permitted in most cases • Automatic DG disconnection in case of main network faults • General rule: no worsening of Power Quality (voltage level, fault current, …) admitted but not clear definition of what Power Quality means (!) • No rules for reactive power • Remote control • Only 41% of the interviewed DNO have possibility to remote control the DG at MV and LV • Limited capability to manage the “active grid” • No operational procedures in case of fault

26. WG C6.11-ADN OPERATION • Voltage control • Voltage variations admitted according to National or International Standards • No “active” voltage control performed • Adjustable setting of tap changer of MV/LV transformers • Fault clearing procedures • 60% of DNO don’t have dedicated fault clearing procedures for feeders with DG (same as without DG) • Intentional islanding • Very limited intentional islanding in performed • 22% of DNO may perform DG intentional islanding, mainly in self-generation customers • 14% of DNO may perform intentional islanding only in emergency cases • Concerns forsafety of network operators

27. Selection and analysis of 24 innovative pilot projects (sources: ANM database, WG members, workshops) Classification of enabling technologies, applications, benefits and research needs Presentation of ADN functionalities, specific applications and with required analysis tools Provides a snapshot of the industry and a basis for the development of recommendations WG C6.11 - ADN PROJECT VALIDATION • Common features and priorities for ADN (scale 1 to 5): • PROTECTIONS 4,50 • SAFETY 4,42 • FAULT MANAGEMENT 4,27 • COMMUNICATIONS 4,15 • ISLANDING 4 • ANCILLARY SERVICES 3,85

28. CIGRE WG C6.11 - Specific Active Distribution Network Applications and Associated Analysis Tools

29. CIGRE WG C6.11 - Specific Active Distribution Network Applications and Associated Analysis Tools

30. CIGRE WG C6.11 - Specific Active Distribution Network Applications and Associated Analysis Tools

31. WG C6.11RECOMMENDATIONS • Grid operation • Review protection systems and safety measured in the context of ADNs • Grid codes should be updated to reflect the fact that DER owners need to share responsibility with DNOs for the application of ADN • Communication systems to support data exchange for ADNs should integrate industry standards • Put mechanisms in place for grid users to provide ancillary services and receive remuneration for this service