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Kingdom of Morocco The Prime Minister

Kingdom of Morocco The Prime Minister. Building Integrity Conference (2013) Why we need defense institutions that can be trusted and offer value for money?. Ahmed Yassine Foukara Director, Strategy and Studies Pole Central Authority for Corruption Prevention, Morocco.

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Kingdom of Morocco The Prime Minister

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  1. Kingdom of Morocco The Prime Minister Building Integrity Conference (2013)Why we need defense institutions that can be trusted and offer value for money? Ahmed YassineFoukara Director, Strategy and Studies Pole Central Authority for Corruption Prevention, Morocco 25 – 28 February 2013 Monterey , California

  2. Outline • Part I : Context and overview of ICPC • Part II : Corruption in the Defense and Security Sectors • Part III : Recommendations – approach and strategic planning : ICPC’s view 2

  3. Part I : Context and overview of ICPC

  4. ICPC: Reference frame and creation • International commitment: UNCAC: Signed in 2003 and ratified in 2007 (article 6: prevention) • ICPC : created in 2007 (decree of march 13th) near the Prime Minister and started activities in January 6th 2009 • Independent authority with a diversified structure: Chairman - SG - General Assembly (45 members : government – civil society – professional organizations – academia) - Executive Committee (8 elected) 4

  5. ICPC : summary of mission and duties • Coordination, supervision et evaluation of national policies for the prevention and fight against corruption • Issuing views and recommendations to the government and to other stakeholders : strategies and practical measures – awareness-raising and information measures draft laws – analysis and views on major projects/reforms… • Gathering and sharing of information related to corruption : corruption database • Development of national and international cooperation in the field of prevention and fight against corruption • Reception and analysis of complaints and denunciations • 2010 = assessment and evaluation  proposed reform

  6. ICPC : new constitutional authority • ICPC written in the new institution of Morocco (July 2012) and becoming “The National Authority for Integrity, Prevention and Fight Against Corruption”: • Given investigation and audit powers + extended mandate • Given legal personality and financial autonomy + sufficient resources (human, financial, etc.) • Positioned outside of the government for increased independence

  7. Cooperation with NATO • First contact: COSP4, Marrakech (October 2010) • 5 people attended BI trainings as participants , including the Chairman , a member of ICPC and a representative from the Defense Ministry: NATO school, Oberammergau, Germany - PfP Center, Ankara, Turkey   • Director Strategy and Studies participated as a trainer in Ankara • Attended the « Building Integrity workshop » and the launch of the Arabic version of the « Compendium of Best Practices » in Brussels (as subject-matter expert) • Participated in the training of the Moroccan army (Gendarmerie Royale) •  Next: proposing the organization of a BI training in Morocco and link with the Defense Ministry and the Army to strengthen cooperation mainly through the Building Integrity program.

  8. Part II : Corruption in the Defense and Security Sectors

  9. The global impact of corruption in the defense and security sectors • Ideal situation : • Security and protection of citizens • Conflict resolution • Intelligence gathering • Winning battles • SAVING LIVES… • Financial resources • Property and equipment • Expertise • Information • TIME Impact Investment 9

  10. The global impact of corruption in the defense and security sectors • Reality : Mismanagement Corruption Corruption • Security and protection of citizens • Conflict resolution • Intelligence gathering • Winning battles • SAVING LIVES… • Financial resources • Property and equipment • Expertise • Information • TIME Investment Impact Corruption 10 Corruption Structural loss

  11. Direct and indirect impact of corruption • Financial/economic impact (direct) : • Transparency International estimate : global cost of corruption in the defense sector = min. 20 B USD / year = total sum pledged by the G8 in 2009 to fight world hunger • World Bank estimate : cost of corruption = 5% of GDP • World Bank Institute estimate: value of bribes (only) = 1,000 B USD • U4(A-C Resource Centre, 2007) : greater impact on African countries = 25% of GDP. • Other/indirect impact : • Undermines public trust and confidence • Poisons relationships with the people • Reduces morale in the Security Forces • Results in low present-for-duty rates, affecting operations • Source: presentation Ms. Susan Pond – Building Integrity training – NATO School, Oberramergau • Undermines ethical values, justice and democracy; • Violates basic political, economic and social rights; • Hinders development efforts and anti-poverty and exclusion measures. •  Corruption is a major barrier to sustainable human development  must be the foremost priority of any government or state

  12. Yet, very little seems to be done to solve the problem… • GOVERNMENT DEFENCE ANTICORRUPTION INDEX 2013 (TI) : • “ …70% of countries leave the door open to waste and security threats as they lack the tools to prevent corruption in the defence sector…” • “ …those with poor controls include 2/3 of the largest arms importers and ½ of the biggest arms exporters in the world.” • …nine countries exhibit critical risk, lacking basic measures such as controls to enable accountability, making institutionalization of anti-corruption mechanisms in the sector near impossible…” • “…the index finds that half of the countries do not publish their defence budget, or provide only very limited aggregate information…” • “…politicians exercise little oversight. Armed forces fear blowing the whistle. Citizens are kept in the dark.”

  13. Why is it more difficult to fight corruption in the defense and security sectors? Secrecy and lack of transparency Urgencies and need to react fast  flexibility National security issues Weak or non-existent oversight and control Obligation to respect hierarchy and obey orders Corruption Multiple stakeholders Multiple layers of hierarchy Huge budgets •  Very complex system/network of corruption with unlimited resources, power, intelligence capabilities and smart methods (difficult to track)

  14. Part III : Recommendations – approach and strategic planning : ICPC’s view • Build integrity with people, processes and organizations.

  15. ICPC’s global and integrated approach : 4 Strategic Axes Education and training • Civic education in schools, universities and training institutions • Continuous training • … Prevention • Strengthening controls • Simplification and dematerialization of processes • Access to information • Elimination/regulation of discretionary powers • Promoting transparency and accountability • Promoting good governance and good management • Codes of ethics • Etc. Information et awareness-raising • Rights et obligations • Impact and dangers of corruption • Role of the citizen • News: projects – measures - reforms • Arrests and judgments • Etc. Global and integrated approach Repression • Incrimination: legal and regulatory framework • Detection : investigation – inspection – audit - complaints and denunciations… • Prosecution and trial : fighting impunity and setting examples • Organization and effectiveness of the Judiciary • International cooperation and asset recovery • Etc.

  16. Approach and methodology • Analyze the environment and assess corruption (continuous process): know your enemy • Identify priorities and set “SMART” objectives  walk mmall steps : build confidence and expertise • Build and maintain political will at all levels : continuous communication and lobbying • Build alliances (like-minded people – change agents – civil society – international organizations, etc.): no one can fight corruption alone  cooperation and coordination • Design an effective strategy and action plans: simple – realistic – flexible – targeted  to be evaluated and adapted regularly • Don’t target people. Target the system • Align anti-corruption initiatives with wider reform efforts • Manage people’s expectations: find right balance between quick-wins ant long-term reforms • Secure resources : financial + technical expertise and training • Adapt to the specific characteristics of the country / sector / institution… • Communicate – Communicate – Communicate •  It’s all about results and impact, not about the number of projects/measures implemented 16

  17. « It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles; if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you will win one and lose one; if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle » (Sun Tsu: The art of war) 17

  18. Thankyou Questions? foukara@icpc.ma www.icpc.ma 12

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